1. Cultivation season
Okra prefers warmth, fears of frost, the whole growth period should be arranged in the frost-free period, the flowering period should be in warm and humid seasons. In open field cultivation, seeds are planted from April to June in all parts of the South and North, and harvested from July to October. North China is generally sown in mid-April to May. In the cold regions of the north, greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are commonly used to raise seedlings. After the early spring and evening frost, they are planted in Daejeon.
2. Land preparation
The okra must not be used in conjunction with fruits and vegetables to avoid root-knot nematodes. It is best to choose root vegetables, leafy vegetables, etc. for the former. Soil is rich in soil, loose and fertile, and it is better to keep water and protect soil and loam. After the harvest before the winter harvest, timely deep plowing, remove 75,000 kilograms of cooked manure per hectare, 300 kilograms of NPK fertilizer, and mix and minced the flat crop. Open cultivation methods: spacing 40 cm, spacing 12 cm, sulcus width 50 cm. If it is planted on the side of fields, roadsides, and rivers, the plant spacing is 12 centimeters, and there are 3 plants per hole, which are light and airy and easy to manage.
3. Sowing seedlings
Direct seeding, soaking with warm water at 20-25°C for 12 hours before sowing, then wipe dry, germinate for 48 hours at 25-30°C, wait until half of the seeds are white, then sowing, spacing by 40 cm, spacing 12 cm , First pouring foot water, planting 2-3 tablets per hole, covering soil 2-3 cm, 6000 acres per acre planted.
(1) Live broadcast: Acting Okra live on multiple lines. Seeds soaked for 12 hours before sowing, placed at 25 ~ 30 °C under germination, about 24 hours after the seeds began to bud, until 60% to 70% of seeds "broken" when sowing. Sowing to sowing is appropriate, 3 per hole, 2 to 3 cm deep. All localities should plant seeds at the right time after the frost period expires, watering them first, and then sowing seeds, and then cover soil for about 2 cm.
(2) Seedling raising: Transplanting methods were planted in Yangshuo and Sunlight greenhouses in the northern region in the middle and early March. Bed soil is made up of 6 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of fine sand. Soak germination before sowing, leveling the seedbed, according to the spacing of 10 cm seeding, cover soil thickness of about 2 cm. After sowing, bed soil temperature should be kept at 25°C, and germination should be unearthed within 4 to 5 days. Seedling age 30 to 40 days, seedlings 2 to 3 true leaves when planting. It is best to use plastic rakes, nutritious soil blocks and other mulching roots to cultivate seedlings of the right age.
4. Field management
(1) Miaomiao: When the heart breaks, it is the first time that the seedlings are shed, and the weak seedlings are removed. 2 to 3 true leaves when the second seedlings, choose to retain strong seedlings. 3 to 4 true leaves when Dingmiao, leaving 1 per hole.
(2) Cultivating weeds and soil
After the seedlings are unearthed or planted, the temperature is low, and the cultivator should be continuously cultivated twice to increase the ground temperature and promote the easing of seedlings. Before the first flower is opened, the middle cultivator is strengthened so that the seedlings can grow in order to develop the root system. After the flowering results, the plant growth speeded up. After each watering top dressing, the cultivator should be cultivated, and the cultivating soil should be cultivated before mulching to prevent the lodging of the plants. In the rainy and windy areas in summer, it is best to use bamboo sticks of about 1 meter, or branches inserted near the plants to prevent lodging.
(3) Watering and Fertilizing
Watering: Okra requires higher air and soil moisture during growth. When the water shortage occurs within 20 days after sowing, artificial irrigation should be performed sooner or later. After the seedlings are slightly larger, they can be sprayed or furrowed mechanically. The summer season coincides with the harvest period of Okra, which requires large amounts of water and high surface temperature. Before 9 o'clock in the morning, it should be watered in the afternoon to avoid watering and rooting at high temperatures. Pay attention to drainage in the rainy season to prevent dead seedlings. The entire growing season is to keep the soil moist.
2 top-dressing: on the basis of the application of base fertilizer, fertilizer should be appropriate, not partial nitrogen fertilizer. The first time was Qimiaofei, which was carried out after emergence and applied 90-120 kg of urea per hectare.
The second time is to raise the seedlings, set the seedlings, or plant the ditch after the planting, and apply 225-300 kg of compound fertilizer per hectare. During the flowering period, the fertilizer is applied once again. The human fecal dilute is 30,000 to 45,000 kg, or the NPK fertilizer is 300 to 450 kg. During the late growth period, a small amount of top dressing is applied as appropriate to prevent premature aging.
(4) Plants Adjustment Okra grows vigorously under normal conditions. The main lateral branches are thick and the leaves are hypertrophied, often resulting in delayed flowering. A twisting method may be adopted, i.e. twisting the petiole into a curved shape to control vegetative growth. In the middle and late fertility period, timely removal of the old leaves of the sections below the harvested fruits will improve ventilation and light transmission, reduce nutrient consumption, and prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Harvesting tender fruit timely picking up the heart can promote side branch results and increase early yields.
5. Harvesting
It takes about 55 days for the okra to sow the first tender fruit. After the entire harvest period of up to 90 to 120 days, the whole growth period of up to 150 days or even longer. Okra commercial fruit picking standard fruit length 8 to 10 cm, the appearance of fresh green fruit, fruit seeds are not aged as degree. If harvesting is not timely, the meat is aged and the fiber is increased, and the value of the food is greatly reduced. After the first crop is harvested, the crop is harvested once every 2 to 4 days in the initial stage, and as the temperature rises, the harvesting interval is shortened. During the fruitful period in August, it is harvested once a day or every other day. After September, the temperature dropped and it was harvested 3 to 4 days. When harvesting, scissors should be used, and put on gloves to prevent the bristles, leaves, fruits, or bristles stabbing the skin, itching, intolerable, at this time with soapy water wash or light roasted, can reduce the degree of itching. Usually, the fruit is harvested 4 days after the date of appreciation. More than 2000-3000 kilograms are produced per mu.
3. Post-harvest preservation
Tender pods have strong respiration and are extremely yellow and old after harvest. If you can not eat or process in time, you should pay attention to preservation. The jujube is about to be put into a plastic bag and cooled in 4~5°C cold water, cooled to about 10°C in 10 minutes, and then stored in 7～10°C environment to maintain the relative humidity of 95%, and it can keep fresh 7～10 day. The tender fruit exported to other places must be cut in the morning and put in a fresh-keeping bag or plastic box, and then gently placed into the carton or wooden box and fed into the cold storage at 0~5°C as soon as possible. If the tender clams are dark, soft and yellow, they should be treated immediately and can no longer be stored.
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