Corn is an important food crop and an excellent feed for the development of animal husbandry and an important industrial raw material. After nearly two years of investigation on the management of summer corn field, it is concluded that there are still many misunderstandings in corn field management, which affects the further improvement of corn yield and quality. Solving the misunderstandings in summer maize cultivation management will greatly help to improve the management level of corn fields and increase the income of the people.
First, the closer to the root when topdressing, the more easily the fertilizer is absorbed. This is a phenomenon that is more common in corn fertilization. The nutrient content of crops is mainly in the root hair area. The closer to the stem of the plant when fertilizing, the farther the fertilizer is from the nutrient absorption site of the plant, the more difficult it is to be absorbed by the crop. Then there is too much fertilization near the root of the corn, and the concentration of the fertilizer is too large, which is prone to "burning seedlings". Therefore, when fertilizing corn, the fertilization position should be determined according to the growth of the plant, and it is most suitable for deep application of 10 cm or more and 10 cm from the plant.
Second, in production, it is customary to adopt the "one shelling" method of topdressing. This is very unsuitable for medium and high yield fields with more fertilization. In this way, the fertilization loss is high, the utilization rate is low, and at the same time, the corn stalk is prone to be long and lodging, and the early stage is easy to defer and premature aging, which affects the yield. High-yielding fields are best to use light-seeking seedling fertilizer, heavy-chasing ear-fertilizer and compensatory grain-recovering fertilizer. The seedling fertilizer dosage accounts for about 30% of the total nitrogen, the panicle fertilizer accounts for 50%, and the granular fertilizer accounts for 20%. The middle-earth field has a good foundation, and it is advisable to adopt a secondary fertilization method of applying the seedling fertilizer and the heavy-seeking fertilizer, that is, the seedling fertilizer accounts for 40%, and the panicle fertilizer accounts for 60%.
Third, the more fertilization, the higher the benefit. In the range of reasonable fertilization amount, the crop yield is directly proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied. When the fertilization reaches a certain amount, the input-output ratio decreases and the benefit decreases. In addition, excessive fertilization can easily cause corn stems to grow long, and the ability to resist disease and fall down is diminished, and it is easy to cause soil compaction and water pollution. Therefore, according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand during the whole growth period of corn, the principle of adequate supply but no waste should be promoted to promote soil fertilization and formula fertilization to fully exert fertilizer efficiency and increase economic benefits.
Fourth, heavy pest control, light disease prevention. Farmers generally know more about corn pests, and the prevention and control of pests are also timely, while corn diseases continue to occur in recent years, and the degree has increased, but it has not caused corresponding attention, such as rough disease and dwarf mosaic disease in corn seedling stage. Can cause corn to be harvested. Leaf spot disease, large spot disease, and rust occur in the flower grain stage, affecting leaf photosynthesis, and insufficient grain filling, resulting in reduced yield. Therefore, the promotion of comprehensive prevention and control technologies for corn pests and diseases should be strengthened to raise farmers' awareness of corn diseases.
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