1 Cultivation of disease-free strong seedlings 1.1 Selection of suitable varieties of greenhouses to promote cultivation should use early flower bud differentiation, shallow dormancy, cold-resistant, high yield, high quality varieties, the current production mainly include Fengxiang, Mingbao, ghost anger Gan, Zhangmu girl, Xingxiang, Zhang Ji et al. 1.2 Establishment of special seedling nursery 1.2.1 The preparation of nursery grounds in the nursery shall select plots with loose soil, high topography, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and leeward yang. The sandy loam soil that requires no soil drying, no compaction, no accumulation of water, no heavy crops, and no pests and diseases. Leave the seedbed in a 1:4 ratio. Former crops for strawberries or vegetables should be chemically soil-sterilized or solar-sterilized. 1.2.2 The best choice for planting mother plants is the use of tissue-cultured virus-free seedlings. The virus-free seedlings have a strong growth potential and strong disease resistance. Strawberries can fully demonstrate their variety characteristics, good quality, high yield, and generally better than non-virus-free. Increase seedlings by 15% -30%. At the same time, attention should be paid to the selection of the best fittest. In the previous year, reserve healthy and disease-free plants as the second year of early spring breeding seedlings or in the late fruit field to remove weak seedlings, select the best strains, and draw the seedlings. Timely elimination of mixed and degraded seedlings in production. The spacing of mother plants should be determined according to the variety characteristics, planting period, and cultivation conditions. For varieties with strong stolonability, larger plant spacing can be used, the mother plant is planted early, the fertilizer and water conditions are better, and the cultivation and management are fine. For more stems, larger row spacing should also be used. Mingbao, Fengxiang and other varieties, each parent needs nutrition area of ​​1-1.2 square meters, and Zhangmu girl, Fortunate fragrance, Zhang Ji and other varieties, each parent strain needs nutrition area of ​​0.5 square meters. In general, 800-1200 strains of excellent mother plants are planted every 666.7 square meters, and a plant of 1.5-meter wide planters is planted in the center, with a plant spacing of about 40-60 cm. 50cm from the ditch each plant a plant spacing 50-80cm. Mother plants are usually planted from late February to early April to extend the breeding period. When planting, the old leaves and leaves of the mother plant should be removed. Demands are not buried deep and shallow. The depth of planting leaves the base of the heart and the top of the root neck to be level with the soil surface. When planted, it should be solidified by watering in a timely manner after planting. After the normal survival, the plastic film is removed in mid-late April. 1.3 Management of nursery nursery 1.3.1 After soil water management, the soil should be loosed in time to create loose and moist soil conditions for the seedlings to take root. Avoid high-nitrogen flooding to prevent seedling growth, flower bud differentiation and disease occurrence. In the case of applying basal fertilizer, it is generally not necessary to top-dress. If the plant growth is weak, it can be combined with loose soil watering. When drought 5-7d, pour a little water or light irrigation, do not flood irrigation. To combine weeding often shallow cultivator, rainy days or large water should be promptly drained. If the fertilizer is insufficient, it can be applied 2-3 times during the stem growth period, and no more than 10-15kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 666.7 square meters, or combined with loose ten feculent rot and fecal water. 1.3.2 Management of mother plants and stolons 1.3.2.1 Removal of flower buds: For mother plants planted in the spring, care should be taken to remove the buds that appear on the mother plant in a timely manner, reduce nutrient consumption, promote stolons and form robust plants. 1.3.2.2 Arrangement of vines: Mother plants planted in sheds should be controlled for conditions such as temperature inside the shed, and the pods should be often tidyed and fixed. When the pods cross each other and fall to the ground, they can be led to empty spaces. In the stalks of the stolons, press the stems with soil, or use grass stalks, arched wire, etc., to keep the spacing between the sub-plants 10-15cm. After enough seedlings are removed, the mother seedlings and the post-embryo shootlets are removed to achieve ventilation between the plants. Transmit light to ensure that each plant has enough nutrient area. 1.3.2.3 spraying gibberellin: 0.3-0.5g gibberellin powder (one gram a small bag of 2-3 copies), dissolved with a little alcohol, add water 10kg, 5-10ml per dilution. Foliar spraying. 1.3.2.4 Chemical and artificial weeding: Combine crushed stubble before planting, uniformly spray 48% trifluralin EC 150-200ml every 666.7 square meters, and loosen the soil immediately after application of drought to prevent grasses etc. The annual weed sprouts. During the 2-3 leaf stage of monocotyledonous weeds during growth, they are controlled by Ganoderma lucidum, Gramineae, and so on. And arrange the vines to make them evenly distributed. The clods press the stems to promote rooting. 1.3.2.5 Removal of old-leaved leaves: Regular removal of senescent and diseased leaves, maintenance of 4-5 green leaves and stalked shoots of mother plants, and promotion of seedling growth. 1.3.2.6 Insect pest control: If the underground pests occur in the pre-growth stage and the late growth stage, they can be poured 1500-fold or 90% crystal trichlorfon 800-fold solution, or 90% crystal trichlorfon or phoximine emulsion 150 - 200g stir-fry and stir-fry 10kg in the evening. Foliar insect pests were selected from farmland music, bitteractone, aweichuangqing, custodiacetin, and kashanke, etc., and the disease was selected from the group consisting of polyoxo-qing, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, and acetochlor. Appropriate concentration control. 1.4 Root-cut Transplantation 1.4.1 For cutting seedlings and transplanting root-cutting seedlings, attention should be paid first to early planting of seedlings, usually in late June to late July. Collect seedlings and shoots (stemmedium seedlings), collect pure and vigorously growing seedlings in nursery nursery, retain 3 leaves, cut about 3cm of stalks near the end of mother, remove old leaves, diseased leaves and other stolons. Separate small and large seedlings and put them in plastic pots filled with water, dip only roots, prepare for planting, and choose to build false phytostils without disease. The planted worms are generally 20-25cm high, 80cm wide, and 5 lines each. The distance between the lines is 10-15cm15cm. During planting, the large seedlings exposed the remaining stem sections, and the young seedlings inserted the stem sections into the soil and were separately planted. After the implantation is completed, the bed is covered with cold yarn, and water is sprayed on it. Afterwards, it is necessary to pay attention to spraying water frequently in the evening to maintain the humidity. After 10 days or so, the cold yarn can be removed, and the underground pests such as earthworms are prevented from damaging the root system of the seedlings. The false plantlets should be transplanted and cut off during the induction of flower bud differentiation. 1.4.2 Transplantation of cuttings The period of root-to-root transplantation is usually performed 20 days before the flower buds are scheduled to form. It can be carried out in the middle or late August. The medium-sized and medium-sized seedlings (4-5 green leaves and 0.6-1.0 cm thick root neck) are used to plant seedlings. A small shovel cuts the roots in a nursery and cuts it into a square or cylindrical shape. The side length or diameter is about 7 cm. The planter is transplanted with a plant spacing and the transplanted seedlings are filled and flattened. On the day before the rooting of the transplant, the water was irrigated so as to facilitate the transplanting of the soil and a temporary wilting occurred. This is a normal phenomenon. The number of transplanted root cuttings depends on the plant flower bud differentiation status and growth trend, generally 1-2 times, appropriate early transplant root-cutting period, strong nutrient growth, a large number of flower buds, root cutting after flower bud differentiation, less flower bud differentiation, and unfavorable to flower bud development . 2 Facilities Selection and Planting 2.1 Field preparation is usually done in mid-August. Soil sun disinfection and soil purifying agent treatment are required for continuous cropping or planting with severe pests and diseases. During the period of July-August, greenhouses are closed at 20-30 days in sunny weather and the ground temperature is 40-45°C. Strawberry cultivation, high yield, nutrient consumption of their own seedlings, it is necessary to increase organic fertilizer. More than 2000kg of humic organic fertilizer per 667 square meters before planting, cake fertilizer about 100kg, adding 30-40kg of superphosphate and 30kg of NPK fertilizer. Continuous application of active mycorrhizal fungi and microbial fertilizer, sorghum after spreading. The north and south of the high sorghum strikes, the bottom width is 55-60cm, the upper width is 45-50cm, the interval between the turns is 25cm, and the squat height is more than 30cm. 2.2 During the colonization period, it is necessary to use high quality seedlings that have been treated with root grafts. The colonization time can be in the middle or early September. 2.3 Planting Density The density is determined based on the growth potential of the species. Each row was planted with 2 rows, with a row spacing of 60 cm and 25 cm, a plant spacing of 15-20 cm, 6000-7000 strains per 667 square meters, and 9000-10,000 strains for late planting or weak seedlings. 2.4 Planting Techniques The old leaves, diseased leaves and stolons should be removed before planting. At the time of colonization, it is required that the back of the bow point toward the outside (furrow direction). The depth of colonization is appropriate, and the depth is not buried in the roots. 2.5 After the planting, after the planting and management of planting, sufficient water shall be poured, and a small amount of water shall be filled for 2-3 days. After flowering, it will enter the flower bud differentiation period. In this period, fertilizer and water management shall be strengthened to control water and nitrogen, and to prevent seedlings from growing. The NPK fertilizer may be topdressed with 10-15 kg to promote flower bud differentiation. 3 Insulation and Shed Indoor Management 3.1 Insulation time and methods Greenhouses should be cultivated, and 30 days after the top buds begin to differentiate, they should start warming when the outside night temperature drops to around 8°C. Late October - early November is the appropriate period of thermal insulation. Insulation is too early and the indoor temperature is high, which is not conducive to the differentiation of flower buds, late planting, and plant dormancy. All of them cause dwarfing of the plants and do not result in normal results. Film insulation can be used three layers of transparent plastic film, that is, in addition to black plastic film, there is a small arch and sheds, greenhouses. It is also possible to use a non-inner membrane to cover the straw. The north side of the shed can be used to set up wind barriers such as corn stalks. The outer layer of the shed should be dripless and long-life. 3.2 Indoor temperature and humidity management 3.2.1 Insulation initial stage: In order to prevent strawberries from entering dormancy, the temperature at the initial stage of heat preservation is relatively high. The general daytime control in 28 °C -30 °C, the maximum can not exceed 35 °C, night temperature 12 °C -15 °C, the minimum can not be less than 8 °C. This period of indoor humidity control in 85% -90%. 3.2.2 Flowering period: The flowering period requires strict temperature and humidity. Generally during the day in the control of 22 °C -25 °C, the maximum can not exceed 28 °C, the temperature is too high too low are not conducive to pollination and fertilization. The night temperature is about 10°C, and the lowest temperature is not lower than 8°C. When the night temperature exceeds 13°C, the buds of the buds are degraded and the development of the stamens and stamens is hindered. The indoor humidity control is appropriate at about 40%. If the humidity is too large, it can cause poor pollination. 3.2.3 Fruit enlargement and maturity: Affected by the temperature, the temperature is too high, the fruit develops quickly and matures early, but the fruit becomes smaller and the commodity value decreases. The more suitable temperature is controlled at 20°C to 25°C during the day and 5°C at night. The humidity can be controlled at 60%-70%. 3.3 Management of fertilizer and water After strawberry is inoculated, it is the development period of flower buds, and budding, flowering and results are soon followed. After the top inflorescence is harvested, the inflorescences are pumped again and the flowering results are obtained. The burden on the plants is heavy. If the fertilization is not applied in time, it is prone to premature aging and dwarfing. Top dressing is performed at least 4-5 times with N, P, and K compound fertilizers being the best, each times at a rate of 10-15kg per 666.7m2 combined with Australian Liquid Fertilizer 2A: 1B 100-fold, Opel 800-fold Topdressing or 600 times Greenwind 95 Foliar spraying. The humidity in the shed is very high, and it easily gives an illusion that there is no shortage of water. In general, shallow water is used before the heat preservation and before the cover film, and then combined with topdressing water. Greenhouse strawberries are particularly suitable for drip irrigation. Fruit development requires special attention to keep the soil moist. Ditch dip irrigation must prevent flooding the fruit. 3.4 After the gibberellin treatment promotes cultivation, the first gibberellin treatment is carried out in the outer leaves of the two leaves (usually mid-October) to promote the elongation of the stalks, which is conducive to pollination and fertilization. Gibberellin concentration (5-8) 10-6, 3-5ml per plant, spraying on the heart of the seedlings. With gibberellin treatment, the species with lighter dormancy were darker than those with dormancy, and the cold land was warmer than the land, and the amount was less, and the frequency was less. In order to prevent the strawberry from growing in the greenhouse, the most fundamental measure is to avoid the insulation being too late. If the growth is too prosperous, the temperature can be appropriately lowered and the soil temperature can be lowered to control the nitrogen fertilizer. 3.5 Plant Alignment As the plant grows, it produces many lateral buds that must be removed early. In addition to the main bud, generally 2-3 lateral buds remain. The pest leaves, old leaves and stolons should be removed at any time. After the harvest of early fruits, the stems and old leaves should be removed timely to improve the fruit yield and quality in the later period. 3.6 Fruit and Fruit Management 3.6.1 Strengthening the high-humidity environment within the pollination facility is not conducive to pollen transmission and pollination, and will result in malformed fruit. Therefore, the following measures must be taken to strengthen pollination: a. Reduce air humidity. Increasing the temperature and ventilation and dehumidification in a suitable temperature range can reduce the relative humidity, and b, configure the pollination type. 2-3 breeds pollinate each other, which is beneficial to reduce deformed fruit and increase fruit size; c. Bees are pollinated and combined with artificial pollination (the common method is to use light brush to gently spread in the open flower center, or in flowering period. With fine hairs on the inflorescence. 3.6.2 Sparsely fruiting and thinning fruit The low grade secondary flower of the strawberry is prone to male infertility, and the higher secondary flower is prone to female infertility. However, the former can grow normally only if there is good pollen pollination, but the latter cannot bear fruit or fruit set. Eliminating the high secondary flowers that are susceptible to female infertility can significantly reduce the malnutrition fruit rate, and it is beneficial to concentrate nutrients and increase the weight of single fruit and fruit quality. When fruit thinning should be carried out, the diseased fruit, premature whitening, small fruit, and malformed fruit should be removed. In the end, the first inflorescence retains about 12 fruits, and the second inflorescence retains about 7 fruits. 3.7 Fruit harvesting When ripe fruit is harvested, use the thumb and forefinger fingernail to cut the stem. The shorter the fruiting handle, the better, so as not to puncture another fruit. At the same time, the disease, rot, and fruit were culled, and the fruit was sorted by size, packed in a transparent plastic box or carton, and transported and sold by cartons as external packaging.
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