The cultivation of red maple seedlings, the rational selection of nurseries and scientific cultivation techniques are very important, and the field management in the later period is also very critical.
A pruning
1. Pruning: Pruning in the late growth period from late April to late August, dormancy trimming in late October to late March in the second year. Remove the useless sprouting on the tree body, including leggy branches and some strong long branches that occur at the base of the main pole. Seedlings less than 1 cm thick should not be trimmed except for strong overgrown shoots.
2. Reshaping: Seedlings generally adopt a natural round shape. After planting seedlings, dry seedlings below 1 cm in diameter are cut short at 80 cm to 100 cm from the ground, and pruning branches are trimmed during the first year of planting. In the second year, 3 to 4 points from the main stem are retained. Outside the strong branches, the remaining branches were removed, and the remaining branches were separated by about 10 cm from each other. After that, they began to be trimmed. Perennial red maple and bonsai are shaped according to actual requirements.
Two chase fertilizer
1. Principle: Top-dressing adheres to the principle of “a small number of times, diligence and thin application†to achieve fertilization and fertilization. In the early stage of seedling growth, it is appropriate to use a fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer. In the period of rapid growth of seedlings, nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used in the early and middle stages, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers are mainly used in the later stage.
2. Method:
(1) dry application: the use of facilities. Open the ditch near the rows or rows of seedlings, apply them, and then cover the soil.
(2) Water application: The concentration of human fecal urine is preferably 3% to 5%. Fertilizer application concentration of 0.3% to 0.5% is appropriate. It is advisable to use it on cloudy days or in the evening.
3. Number and Quantity: Nursery top dressing, 2 times to 4 times per year, depending on the size of the seedlings and the growth period, depending on the situation. In the initial stage of growth, diligence is applied for thin application; in the fast growing period, the appropriate amount is increased, and the total annual amount of fertilizer is generally controlled at 30kg to 50kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per 667m2 (mu).
Three cultivators weeding
It is necessary to master the principle of "except early, except small, except." Manual weeding is uprooted when the ground is wet. Seedlings planted after 1 to 2 years of age, in order to save labor, chemical herbicides can be used to kill grass. Commonly used herbicides include herbicide ether, herbicide, Gacao Ling, Goer, Glyphosate and so on. When using, it is necessary to strictly control the dosage and usage, and prohibit the use of herbicides that affect the growth of red maple.
Four loose soil and earth
In addition to the combination of weeding and ripping, ripping and soil cultivation require soil loosening and soil consolidation after rainfall and irrigation and soil consolidation. The loose soil is usually 2 times to 3 times a year, and the difference in irrigation conditions should be increased. The depth of ripping is based on the principle of not damaging the root system of seedlings.
Five trenches drainage
After the rainfall or irrigation, the water should be drained in time to clear the soil of the seedbed. The mountain nursery should be well protected from the ditch to prevent rainstorms from destroying the nursery. For the nursery with heavy adhesion and easy accumulation of water, drains with a depth of about 50 cm should be opened so that the groundwater level can be controlled below the roots.
Six pest control
(A) The principle of prevention
According to the principle of “giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention and control,†we must predict, forecast and strengthen seedling raising techniques, do preventive work well, and adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures such as chemical, biological, and physical and mechanical measures for the pests and diseases that have occurred. Economic and security Effectively control pests and diseases.
(II) Control measures
1. Strictly implement the plant quarantine system prescribed by the State to prevent the spread and spread of quarantine pests and diseases.
2. Remove the litter formed by pests and diseases in a timely manner, reduce the source of disease, strengthen cultivation and management, and strengthen the tree vigor, create environmental conditions that are conducive to the growth of red maple seedlings and are not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases.
3. The use of pesticides is strictly in accordance with relevant state regulations. Efficient use of pesticides with low toxicity, low residue, rational use, and control of environmental pollution.
4. The main pests and diseases and control methods of Red Maple are as specified in Table 2.
(III) Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Red Maple and Control Methods
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Chafers, aphids - Prevention methods: avermectin, imidacloprid, catching fast, etc., spray water 1000 times.
Cockroaches moth, heartworm - control methods: green kung fu, cypermethrin, etc., add water 3000 times spray.
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