Broccoli has the characteristics of strong growth, light harm to pests and diseases, one year and two crops, significant economic benefits, and the benefit is 1- to 2-fold of other vegetable varieties. In order to enable the vegetable farmers to correctly master this technology, standardize the operation, popularize and apply new varieties, and formulate this operating manual for the characteristics of regional natural conditions. This procedure includes broccoli nursery, colonization, field management, and pest and disease control technologies.
1, nursery
1.1 Seedlings in spring and early spring in April in the small arch shelter nursery, autumn and mid-June mid-season nursery.
1.2 Variety selection should be vigorous growth, dark green buds, less buds, less spherical buds, less lateral buds, compacted flower bulbs, resistant to heat and cold, wide adaptability, jade crown, green ridge, According to the attitude, 10,000 green broccoli and other fine varieties.
1.3 Before the seedbed is ready for sowing, it will be 3 to 5 days before harvesting. After harvesting, combine 15 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 g of diammonium phosphate, and 50% thiophanate 5 g or 50% per square meter of seedbed. Carbendazim 10 grams of soil disinfection, leveling the surface, ready to sow. In the new vegetable area, the soil in Daejeon is particularly barren, and nutritious soil can be prepared in advance. After planting the seedbed, it is 15--20 cm thick. The nutrient soils were mixed with non-cruciferous garden soil and decomposed organic fertilizers at a ratio of 7:3. In each mixed soil, phosphate fertilizers were added at 2- 3 kg, urea 1--2 kg, and plant ash 15 kg, mixed. Better than sieve. Available condition: 30% of vermiculite powder, 30% of slag, 20% of garden soil, 20% of decomposed organic fertilizer, plus 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer or 0.50 kg of diammonium phosphate in each nutrient soil, oil residue, chicken manure 2-- 3 kilograms. Mix well through the sieve.
1.4 Seed sowing treatment before sowing, that is, seed weight of 0.25% of the 50% thiram seed wettable powder dressing. Can also be soaked in warm water for 3 to 4 hours. Soaking water is 3--4 times that of the seed. After soaking, germination for 24 hours, temperature 20--25°C, and the seeds can be sown when exposed. Pouring water before seeding, 10 cm x 10 cm seedlings for nutrition, 1 seed per seedling, 30 ml per acre, 0.80--1 cm of cotton sand covered after sowing, 800 times of 70% thiophanate spray Liquid or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times, after the cover film or pull the paper, is conducive to sprouting seedlings.
1.5 seedling temperature management before emergence is slightly higher, immediately after the emergence of plastic film cooling, greenhouse temperature during the day 20--25 °C, no less than 12 °C at night, seedlings unearthed, cotyledons after the appropriate control of moisture, prevent Actress, 5-7 days before planting, irrigated with water, cut and raise seedlings, increase ventilation at the same time, cool down 3--5°C hardening seedlings, put nylon nets around vents, spread poison baits around Miaotian, control pest entry and black lines Chafer harm.
2, colonization
2.1 The seedlings in the colonization period grow to 5--6 leaves, and the seedling age can be set in 30-35 days.
2.2 After fertilizing the soil before harvesting, remove the residues and weeds in the field 3 to 5 days before planting. Apply 4 to 5 cubic meters of high-quality organic fertilizer, 100 kg of oil residue, and 15 urea. - 20 kg, 50 kg of ammonium superphosphate, mixed in, deep squatted and ridged, ridge width 70 cm, groove width 40 cm, ridge height 20 cm, mulching and covering the film, waiting for planting.
2.3 The method of colonization uses the method of watering the seedlings first. Seedlings transplanted with soil to reduce root damage. According to the spacing of 45 cm x 55 cm, 2700 strains of seedlings per mu, when planted, press the “D†shape to plant, and use a blade to open the film on the ridge, dig the seedlings and timely water the seedlings, and then the seedlings. The membrane around the hole was pave and compacted, and irrigation was performed once after planting.
3, field management
3.1 After 15-20 days of top dressing, the first time the fertilizer is applied, urea 10-15 kg per mu, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and the second fertilizer after the top bud appears, per acre. 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of potassium sulfate, the formation of a curd can be sprayed with 0.05% - 0.10% of borax solution and ammonium molybdate solution. After the ball is formed, it is sprayed high or sprayed for 1 time. To improve the quality of flower bulbs and reduce the occurrence of yellow buds and coke buds.
3.2 Watering Each fertilizer should be watered immediately after each application. After the seat period, the watering should be properly controlled. The flower bulbs should be watered immediately after passing 2- 3 centimeters. After planting, the water should be poured 4- or 5-times. Stop watering for the first 7 days.
3.3 In addition to the special species of lateral branches, the lateral buds should be removed before the bulbs are harvested; the apical cones are also used, and the lateral branches are more, generally leaving the upper and middle strong lateral branches after 3-5 to erase the weak lateral branches. To reduce nutrient consumption. When 60%--80% of the main stem bulbs were harvested, they were topdressed with water to encourage the growth of lateral branch bulbs, and harvested when the lateral bulbs reached a straight length of 7-10 cm.
3.4 Pesticides are prohibited from use two weeks before harvesting. When the flower bulb is fully grown up, the buds are neat and compact, do not scatter, and the buds can be harvested when they are not yet open. Harvesting in the early morning and early evening is good. When harvesting, the buds are cut off together with the plump flower stems, leaving about 4 leaflets to protect the flower balls. The single ball weighs 300--500 grams.
4. Pest control
4.1 Insect pest control The main pests of broccoli are aphids, cabbage caterpillars, rapae moths, and big leafhoppers. Their control methods are:
Reasonable layout to avoid continuous cropping of cruciferous vegetables in a small area and remove pastoral debris.
With phoxim, Uranus, eradication of fleas, tetroplegen, kung fu, BT, Safotin, etc., the agents sprayed and killed. A small amount of detergent can be added to the drug. If the Daqingye wolfberry blooms, it should be used Yefen loose powder.
4.2 Disease Prevention and Control The major diseases during seedling stage are damping-off diseases, blight, control and use of one of the three agents of chlorothalonil, anti-virus and anti-senzin, and a small amount of detergent is mixed in the preparation and mixed. Spray control 2 - 3 times.
Bacterial black rot disease: Rotation with non-cruciferous vegetables, can be sprayed at the early stage of infection, streptomycin for agricultural use, and neophytin, once every 7-10 days, for two to three consecutive times.
Downy mildew: Strengthen management of water and fertilizers, rational planting, prevention and treatment with chlorothalonil, metalaxyl manganese zinc, triethylphosphonate, antivirus, and DuPont.
Black spot: rotation. The use of fungicides, chlorothalonil, and agricultural streptomycin can be used alternately or in combination to control two types of melasma
1, nursery
1.1 Seedlings in spring and early spring in April in the small arch shelter nursery, autumn and mid-June mid-season nursery.
1.2 Variety selection should be vigorous growth, dark green buds, less buds, less spherical buds, less lateral buds, compacted flower bulbs, resistant to heat and cold, wide adaptability, jade crown, green ridge, According to the attitude, 10,000 green broccoli and other fine varieties.
1.3 Before the seedbed is ready for sowing, it will be 3 to 5 days before harvesting. After harvesting, combine 15 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 g of diammonium phosphate, and 50% thiophanate 5 g or 50% per square meter of seedbed. Carbendazim 10 grams of soil disinfection, leveling the surface, ready to sow. In the new vegetable area, the soil in Daejeon is particularly barren, and nutritious soil can be prepared in advance. After planting the seedbed, it is 15--20 cm thick. The nutrient soils were mixed with non-cruciferous garden soil and decomposed organic fertilizers at a ratio of 7:3. In each mixed soil, phosphate fertilizers were added at 2- 3 kg, urea 1--2 kg, and plant ash 15 kg, mixed. Better than sieve. Available condition: 30% of vermiculite powder, 30% of slag, 20% of garden soil, 20% of decomposed organic fertilizer, plus 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer or 0.50 kg of diammonium phosphate in each nutrient soil, oil residue, chicken manure 2-- 3 kilograms. Mix well through the sieve.
1.4 Seed sowing treatment before sowing, that is, seed weight of 0.25% of the 50% thiram seed wettable powder dressing. Can also be soaked in warm water for 3 to 4 hours. Soaking water is 3--4 times that of the seed. After soaking, germination for 24 hours, temperature 20--25°C, and the seeds can be sown when exposed. Pouring water before seeding, 10 cm x 10 cm seedlings for nutrition, 1 seed per seedling, 30 ml per acre, 0.80--1 cm of cotton sand covered after sowing, 800 times of 70% thiophanate spray Liquid or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times, after the cover film or pull the paper, is conducive to sprouting seedlings.
1.5 seedling temperature management before emergence is slightly higher, immediately after the emergence of plastic film cooling, greenhouse temperature during the day 20--25 °C, no less than 12 °C at night, seedlings unearthed, cotyledons after the appropriate control of moisture, prevent Actress, 5-7 days before planting, irrigated with water, cut and raise seedlings, increase ventilation at the same time, cool down 3--5°C hardening seedlings, put nylon nets around vents, spread poison baits around Miaotian, control pest entry and black lines Chafer harm.
2, colonization
2.1 The seedlings in the colonization period grow to 5--6 leaves, and the seedling age can be set in 30-35 days.
2.2 After fertilizing the soil before harvesting, remove the residues and weeds in the field 3 to 5 days before planting. Apply 4 to 5 cubic meters of high-quality organic fertilizer, 100 kg of oil residue, and 15 urea. - 20 kg, 50 kg of ammonium superphosphate, mixed in, deep squatted and ridged, ridge width 70 cm, groove width 40 cm, ridge height 20 cm, mulching and covering the film, waiting for planting.
2.3 The method of colonization uses the method of watering the seedlings first. Seedlings transplanted with soil to reduce root damage. According to the spacing of 45 cm x 55 cm, 2700 strains of seedlings per mu, when planted, press the “D†shape to plant, and use a blade to open the film on the ridge, dig the seedlings and timely water the seedlings, and then the seedlings. The membrane around the hole was pave and compacted, and irrigation was performed once after planting.
3, field management
3.1 After 15-20 days of top dressing, the first time the fertilizer is applied, urea 10-15 kg per mu, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and the second fertilizer after the top bud appears, per acre. 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of potassium sulfate, the formation of a curd can be sprayed with 0.05% - 0.10% of borax solution and ammonium molybdate solution. After the ball is formed, it is sprayed high or sprayed for 1 time. To improve the quality of flower bulbs and reduce the occurrence of yellow buds and coke buds.
3.2 Watering Each fertilizer should be watered immediately after each application. After the seat period, the watering should be properly controlled. The flower bulbs should be watered immediately after passing 2- 3 centimeters. After planting, the water should be poured 4- or 5-times. Stop watering for the first 7 days.
3.3 In addition to the special species of lateral branches, the lateral buds should be removed before the bulbs are harvested; the apical cones are also used, and the lateral branches are more, generally leaving the upper and middle strong lateral branches after 3-5 to erase the weak lateral branches. To reduce nutrient consumption. When 60%--80% of the main stem bulbs were harvested, they were topdressed with water to encourage the growth of lateral branch bulbs, and harvested when the lateral bulbs reached a straight length of 7-10 cm.
3.4 Pesticides are prohibited from use two weeks before harvesting. When the flower bulb is fully grown up, the buds are neat and compact, do not scatter, and the buds can be harvested when they are not yet open. Harvesting in the early morning and early evening is good. When harvesting, the buds are cut off together with the plump flower stems, leaving about 4 leaflets to protect the flower balls. The single ball weighs 300--500 grams.
4. Pest control
4.1 Insect pest control The main pests of broccoli are aphids, cabbage caterpillars, rapae moths, and big leafhoppers. Their control methods are:
Reasonable layout to avoid continuous cropping of cruciferous vegetables in a small area and remove pastoral debris.
With phoxim, Uranus, eradication of fleas, tetroplegen, kung fu, BT, Safotin, etc., the agents sprayed and killed. A small amount of detergent can be added to the drug. If the Daqingye wolfberry blooms, it should be used Yefen loose powder.
4.2 Disease Prevention and Control The major diseases during seedling stage are damping-off diseases, blight, control and use of one of the three agents of chlorothalonil, anti-virus and anti-senzin, and a small amount of detergent is mixed in the preparation and mixed. Spray control 2 - 3 times.
Bacterial black rot disease: Rotation with non-cruciferous vegetables, can be sprayed at the early stage of infection, streptomycin for agricultural use, and neophytin, once every 7-10 days, for two to three consecutive times.
Downy mildew: Strengthen management of water and fertilizers, rational planting, prevention and treatment with chlorothalonil, metalaxyl manganese zinc, triethylphosphonate, antivirus, and DuPont.
Black spot: rotation. The use of fungicides, chlorothalonil, and agricultural streptomycin can be used alternately or in combination to control two types of melasma
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