Release date: 2014-06-09
Rehabilitation robot is a research hotspot in the field of robotics and an important branch of medical robots. Its research spans many fields such as rehabilitation medicine, biomechanics, mechanics, mechanics, electronics, materials science, computer science, and robotics. Professor Zhuo Dahong, member of the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Expert Advisory Group, director of the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Cooperation Center, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University believe that as robotics enters the field of rehabilitation, robotic therapists, intelligent prostheses (IP) and other high-end The emergence of functional rehabilitation methods will greatly enhance and expand the development level and development space of rehabilitation medicine.
Rehabilitation robot development trend
As early as the 1960s and 1970s, people tried to commercialize robotic systems that serve people with disabilities. But because of many factors, these attempts were not successful. Two of the most important reasons are that due to the limited development of human-machine interface technology, there are inherent defects in the design of rehabilitation robots. The other is because the unit price is too high, which leads to the failure of the rehabilitation robot to be productized in practical applications. The 1980s was the initial stage of research on rehabilitation robots, and it entered a period of full development after 1990. At present, the research of rehabilitation robots mainly focuses on rehabilitation robots, hospital robot systems, intelligent wheelchairs, prosthetics and rehabilitation robots.
Some experts believe that intelligent, humanized and modular will be the main development direction of the next rehabilitation robot. Intelligentization refers to the development and comprehensive application of various intelligent control technologies, the development and improvement of a rich and diverse human-machine interface, further improving the intelligence level of the robot, while simplifying the user's control, enabling the robot to complete the operation with the simplest instructions. Combined with communication technology, network technology and smart home technology, robots can be more effectively integrated with users and the surrounding environment. At the same time, the design of the robot is more patient-centered and has the ability to communicate with users. In addition, in order to achieve mass production of robots, the hardware components should be modularized according to uniform standards. In this way, the final product can be technically compatible and quickly updated and upgraded.
Several representative rehabilitation robots
Hospital Handling Robots: These robots serve people with limited mobility and can lift and move people weighing up to 135 pounds. It also recognizes specific statement execution tasks, such as "Please lift me off the lounge chair." The RI-MAN successfully developed by the RIKEN Bio-Imitation Control Research Center in Nagoya, Japan is such a hospital porter. With a height of 158 cm and a weight of 100 kg, its contact sensors mounted on the arms and torso can be sensed and the corresponding instructions can be used to lift the patient.
Figure 1: Hospital handling robot RI-MAN successfully developed by RIKEN Bio-Imitation Control Research Center, Nagoya, Japan
Intelligent wheelchair: It mainly serves patients with spinal cord injuries who cannot move. According to statistics, 4.3 million people in the United States rely on wheelchairs, but most of them do not have other functions outside of transportation. For patients with spinal injuries, they can't walk, and their arms are paralyzed. In addition to the basic functions of the wheelchair, the intelligent wheelchair can also assist the patient in drinking water, taking medicine, eating, etc.
Recently, two researchers from the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in the United States have developed a revolutionary robotic wheelchair that can move in space entirely in a navigation-based manner. This type of wheelchair can automatically recognize the user's voice commands, rely on the wireless Wi-Fi system and each node to generate maps, and then use the map to navigate. At the same time, it is equipped with a range finder and sensors to ensure that no obstacles or other obstacles are encountered during the journey. The development team used Amazon's MechanicalTurk platform to help the robotic wheelchair understand the voice commands spoken by the user. This system can help robotic wheelchairs better master larger vocabulary. Researchers also want to add robotic arms to help patients further control objects, such as taking cups and so on.
Figure 2: Voice-controlled smart wheelchair developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Mechanical Prosthetics: The biggest pain in the crowd is the inability to stand and walk. This wearable mechanical prosthesis gives them hope. Putting on it is like putting on a pair of armor, using battery-powered, motor-driven to replace the muscles of the legs and driving the legs. At present, this kind of mechanical prosthesis has been used as a rehabilitation equipment in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, etc., and will be released in 2014.
Figure 3: Mechanical prosthesis assists disabled people to walk
Former Google Innovation Director Matsuoka Yoshiko said that for exoskeletons, the time has come for this product to emerge from science fiction and turn into a commercial reality. She pointed out that battery technology has made significant improvements, materials such as plastics and carbon fiber have become lighter and more durable, and at the same time, robot systems have become more controllable. Matsuoka Yoshiko believes that the cost of such equipment for medical use is still an obstacle, because the sales of special equipment like this are small, so it is difficult to lower the price.
Rehabilitation Robot: The Lokomat Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot was launched by a Swiss medical device company in collaboration with the University of Zurich Medical School Rehabilitation Center. This fully automatic lower limb rehabilitation robot consists mainly of an exoskeleton aligner that fixes the hip and both lower extremities. Weight loss support system and sports treadmill. During the rehabilitation training, the weight loss support system supports part of the patient's weight by suspending the patient's thoracolumbar bandage. The patient's lower limbs are fixed to the exoskeleton aligner by three adjustable straps, and the foot can be worn. A lifting strap secures the patient's bilateral ankle joints in a neutral position, which passively causes the dorsiflexion of the foot when the patient is stepping. The patient's hip and knee joints are computer controlled and equipped with corresponding position and force receptors to automatically adjust the exercise parameters according to the patient's actual conditions for optimal rehabilitation.
Figure 4: Lower limb rehabilitation robot walking training for patients with spinal cord injury
Source: Medical Device Innovation Network
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