This report is the second in a series of articles that examines the latest insights into the four maternal factors that affect the health of pigs: mitochondria, embryonic procedures, microflora, and transmission through colostrum/milk milk Various factors. The better we understand these things, the better we can use them, wrote Dr. Joe Rogowsky, director of health and biosafety.
A common question is how to avoid weak, low-energy and premature piglets. The reason may be contagious factors, so this issue needs to be discussed with the veterinarian, but in most cases it is often due to congenital nature and acquired nutrition.
The phenotype at birth is largely determined by the nuclear DNA, which is the "software" passed from the parents. The variation in this software code is not only natural, but it is also the key to adaptation and evolution. Weak, low vitality may be the low end of this spectrum, and the high end of this spectrum can give us opportunities for genetic improvement.
There is less understanding of the effects of sow delivered mitochondrial DNA. Inside each ovary of the sow's ovary, maternal mitochondria are packaged. There are as many as 700,000 eggs in each egg cell, and as many as possible.
They are both the cell "cells" of the egg and the future pig body (the mitochondria of the boar will be destroyed). We know that healthy and defective mitochondria can co-exist in the same cell (heterogeneity). Defects may pass through sows. Some defects may occur during embryonic development. Mitochondria are not Equally distributed.
If the number of defects exceeds the threshold, a tissue, organ, or the entire body will exhibit abnormalities. Congenital mitochondrial diseases have been found in both humans and dogs, but so far it has not been found in pigs. Even if some weak, low vibratory conditions are caused by congenital mitochondrial diseases, natural and artificial selection will also reduce their prevalence in the gene pool.
Although good "software" and "batteries" determine genetic potential, some weak, low-energy piglets are caused by pregnancy conditions, affecting the phenotype at birth. The strengthening of nutrient supply during the last week before estrus is critical to the health of the egg and the state of energy at the time of ovulation, and it is still a challenge to do this for weaned sows.
However, “there is a will to have a solutionâ€, and extra efforts in this area are worthwhile.
Another key determinant factor is the extent of intrauterine congestion during early pregnancy and the phenotypic genetic alterations of nuclear DNA (based), which are often referred to as prenatal or embryonic program settings. This has been well documented. .
Pregnancy nutrition can also cause phenotypic genetic changes.
Finally, the phenotype at birth is also affected by the nutritional supply during pregnancy, which supports or limits embryonic development (impeded uterine growth), as well as the sow's oxidative status and length of pregnancy (preterm delivery).
Our knowledge of the nutritional needs of super-high-pregnancy sows is constantly evolving, and opportunities in this area have also been recognized, but we still need to wait patiently for scientific progress.
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