Abstract: According to the low cost, high performance, high integration and long battery life of wearable medical equipment , the current mainstream low power microcontroller (MCU) series is compared. The MCU series of ARM Cortex M0+ core is analyzed. Product development in this area. In terms of power consumption level, computing performance, peripheral integration and product cost, the major semiconductor companies further compare the parameters of the MCU series based on the Cortex M0+ core to provide guidance for MCU selection of wearable medical devices.
0 Preface
In recent years, the market demand for wearable medical equipment is growing rapidly, and it will become an innovative industry that drives economic growth. According to the “2012-2013 China Mobile Medical Market Annual Report†published by iiMedia Research, the mobile medical market in China reached 1.86 billion yuan in 2012, of which wearable medical equipment accounted for 420 million yuan, an increase from the previous year. 20%. It is estimated that by the end of 2017, the market size of China's wearable medical equipment will be close to 5 billion yuan, showing a rapid growth in the next decade. With the increase of market demand and the popularity of products, wearable medical equipment is developing in the direction of low cost, high performance, long battery life and small volume, which puts forward the control core of the device, the microcontroller (MCU). More demanding requirements. The trend of wearable makes the MCU selected by the device must have the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, high computing power and high integration, otherwise it will be eliminated by the market and users.
1 Introduction to wearable medical equipment
Wearable medical devices combine non-invasive physiological signal detection technology into everyday wearable clothing and devices, with the advantages of simple portability and long-term monitoring. This type of equipment can monitor human physiological conditions for a long time at any time and place. It has been widely used in chronic disease monitoring, home care and health, sleep quality monitoring, etc. It is conducive to early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of chronic and recessive diseases.
1.1 Application of wearable medical equipment
In the pursuit of the market and users, the solutions and new products of various wearable medical devices are constantly emerging, and the functions and performance are also constantly improving. For example, the MC-6800 dynamic blood pressure monitor introduced by Mindray of China only needs to attach the air-filled cuff to the user's arm, and can perform 24-hour non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring under various conditions. Medtronic's real-time continuous blood glucose monitoring system (CGMS) can work continuously for 3 days. It only needs to attach the detection probe to the patient's abdomen. The glucose concentration in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid is measured every 10 seconds, and the obtained data is wireless. The method is transmitted to the receiver. The PulseOx 6000 "Oxygen Finger Mask" from SPO Medical of the United States can work for 500 hours for a long time. It can monitor the user's oxygen saturation and heart rate in real time by simply placing it on the finger. The reliability is comparable to a thermometer or a sphygmomanometer. These products all reflect the distinguishing features of conventional electronic instruments: 1 non-invasive detection of physiological signals; 2 wireless, wired connection of users, medical staff and data systems; 3 long battery life; 4 safe and reliable.
1.2 Analysis of the needs of wearable medical equipment
In order to meet the requirements of wearable medical equipment in terms of power consumption, performance, volume, etc., the selected MCU needs to meet the following requirements: 1 low cost; 2 high energy efficiency; 3 high sleep efficiency; 4 high integration. In terms of cost control, you can consider low-power 8/16 bit MCU or 32-bit MCU based on ARM Cortex-M series core. These chips are hugely shipped and the volume price is generally low. In terms of energy efficiency, the MCU series with low operating power and high computing power should be selected. Low power consumption can improve endurance, and high computing power is conducive to running complex algorithms and data processing on the chip. In terms of sleep efficiency, you should choose an MCU series that has flexible and diverse sleep modes, ultra-low sleep power consumption, and extremely short wake-up time. In terms of integration, the MCU series with rich peripherals and superior performance can be selected to reduce the size, hardware cost and system stability.
2 Comparison of typical low power MCU series
Major semiconductor companies such as Freescale, ST, NXP, SiliconLabs, Atmel, TI, and Microchip have introduced low-end MCU families for wearable medical devices. Tables 1 and 2 compare 16-bit and 32-bit typical low-power MCU families, and 8-bit MCUs are not in the alignment list. This is because the 8-bit MCU is no longer suitable for the development of wearable medical devices, and its market is being eroded by the MCU of the ARM Cortex-M series of cores.
Table 1 focuses on the performance difference of the 16-bit/32-bit core. The 32-bit core completely surpasses the 16-bit core in terms of computational efficiency, meaning that Cortex-M is required when wearable medical devices need to perform data processing and complex algorithms on-chip. The 32-bit MCU of the family core has advantages. Table 2 compares the energy efficiency of typical low-power MCUs. It can be seen that the advantages of 16-bit MCUs in low-power consumption are not obvious. The MSP430 series, which is known for its low power consumption, is related to Cortex- in terms of operating power and sleep power consumption. The MTM 32-bit core STM32L series is almost the same. The 32-bit MCU can achieve a wake-up time of less than 10 μs in the sleep state, and has good performance in terms of sleep efficiency and fast response.
Table 1 Performance comparison of a typical low-power core architecture
Tab.1 The performance comparison between typical low-power architectures
Note: (1) Core performance scores (CoreMark Scores) are based on data published by the EEMBC organization.
Table 2 Energy efficiency comparison of typical low-power MCUs
Tab.2 The comparison of energy-efficiency between typical low-power MCUs
Note: (1) For the test report of the specific model of the MCU series in Table 1, the selected models are similar in on-chip configuration, and the Flash capacity is 64 kB;
(2) Normal temperature condition +25 oC, all peripherals are off, the program runs from Flash; MCU supply voltage is 3.0 V except 3.3 V of PIC24 and 3.6 V of Nano120; the test results of each model are current Optimal configuration under frequency;
(3) Test standard for sleep power consumption: The on-chip main clock and all peripherals are turned off, RTC is turned on, and RAM is reserved.
As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, the 32-bit MCU of the Cortex-M series core has achieved the same power consumption level as the traditional 8/16 bit MCU, and has obvious advantages in computational efficiency, which is more suitable for those tasks and algorithms. Highly demanding wearable medical equipment.
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