(I) Agricultural Control Measures
1. Plant excellent varieties. According to the local climate characteristics and cultivation conditions, the selection and cultivation of disease-resistant, insect-resistant and adaptable varieties.
2. Improve the soil and enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertility. The use of organic manure and deep plowing and cultivating techniques to improve soil structure, promote the growth and development of maize, and enhance its resistance to adverse environmental conditions.
3, scientific regulation of fertilizer. Corn from the jointing to the ear spinning fertilization and booting stage, is the most prosperous period of growth and development, during this period, adequate supply of nutrients, can reduce stalk granules. Increase organic fertilizer, reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, especially to prevent the lack of phosphorus fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the field. Implementation of leaf-aged fertilization: When the leaf age index reaches 35%-40%, that is, 6-7 leaves are unfolded, Pu Shi organic fertilizer, all topdressing phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and 60% of nitrogen fertilizer, leaf age index of 60% -70% When 12-13 leaves are unfolded, the remaining 40% of nitrogen fertilizer is recovered.
4, rational dense planting. The suitable densities for different varieties are not the same, and the sparse and large panicle types are usually about 3,000 plants per mu; the compact plants are generally between 4000 and 6000 plants per mu. If the planting density is too large, the conditions for ventilation and light transmission in the field will be deteriorated, and the male and female ears will be poorly developed, which may cause empty rods and lack of grains. Planting patterns can be planted in large and small ridges, with a large row spacing of 70 cm and a small row spacing of 40 cm. The spacing of the rows is determined according to the specific density of seedlings. The implementation of large and small ridge planting is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, improve the photosynthetic capacity, increase the nutrition of the ear, promote the differentiation of the ear, and reduce the rate of empty stalk and lack of grain.
5, strengthen management. Strengthen cultivating and weeding and earth-cultivation techniques, especially soil after jointing, can increase soil permeability and promote maize root development; use wide-narrow row planting techniques to improve ventilation and light conditions in the field; and implement artificial auxiliary pollination techniques during silking of corn. After the dew is dry on a sunny day, shake the male flower with a bamboo pole or pull wire once a day for 2-3 consecutive days to increase the chance of pollination and increase the seed setting rate to reduce baldness and lack of grain.
(B) Prevention of pests and weeds
1. In the late stage of corn leaf, strengthen the prevention and control of corn borer.
2. In the middle and later stages of maize growth, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of various leaf spot diseases and aphid pests such as the double-spotted fly aphids.
3, corn growing season in summer and autumn, but also the breeding season of weeds, we must strengthen the timely control of weeds in the field to prevent weeds and corn glory, fight water and fertilizer, nutrition.
(c) Weakening the top advantage
The use of emasculation techniques can effectively reduce the apical dominance, reduce the inhibitory effect of tassel on the ear, and adjust the reasonable distribution of nutrients, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of empty culms, lack of grain and baldness. The method of detasseling is: When the tassel is exposed, the interlace or septum will pull out the tassel and avoid damaging the functional leaves. After emasculation, only half of the tassel will remain in the field. After pollination, the remaining half of the tassel will be Remove it again to reduce the consumption of nutrients and help increase grain weight.
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