Release date: 2016-12-19
On December 14, the top ten science news of the year selected by Science News magazine was released. These studies have highlighted the power of scientific discovery and the deepest emotions in our hearts. Among the subjects of concern in the field of biology are the treatment of Zika virus, the third-parent infant, the minimal genome, and Alzheimer's disease. Let Xiaobian share with you the most popular science news of 2016.
Top1 Gravitational Wave
On February 11th, the Laser Interference Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) in Louisiana and Washington, USA, discovered the time and space caused by the collision of two black holes away from Earth's 1.3 billion light years, which proved that Einstein was 100 years ago. The existence of prophetic gravitational waves. This discovery is the most significant breakthrough in modern physics. It introduces a new era of astronomy, which will not only confirm Einstein's general theory of relativity, but also enhance human understanding of the universe.
Top 2 Zika virus
On February 1, the WHO announced that the Zika virus is an urgent global health problem. The virus can be transmitted by mosquitoes, and pregnant women are infected with the virus during pregnancy, leading to microcephaly in newborns. The Zika virus has caused damage to families in Brazil, and fear has spread to the Americas.
Top 3 Proxima b (near star b)
Astronomers have discovered a planet environment similar to the Earth's planet. Among all planets like Earth, this planet is the closest to our solar system. The planet is called Proxima b and is 4.2 light years (25 mega miles) from Earth. It is 1.3 times larger than the Earth, and the surface environment is a bit like the Earth, not like the surface of Jupiter. The discovery of this planet provided the impetus for the sci-fi dream of Star Trek.
Top 4 Three-parent baby
In April of this year, the world’s first “three-parent baby†Hassan, who was undergoing nuclear transfer operations, was born in Mexico. The Zhang Jin team conducting the study used a “three-parent†technique in which the healthy mitochondria of the donor's egg were used to replace the defective mitochondria and then in vitro fertilization, and the resulting baby had a donation in addition to the parent's gene. Women's mitochondrial genetic material. This news has caused great controversy on security and ethical issues since it was exposed in advance by the British "New Scientist" magazine at the end of September this year.
Top 5 Arctic glacier melting
According to the latest report of the World Meteorological Organization, the greenhouse gas emissions in 2016 reached a record high, and the capacity of marine and continental glaciers was hit hard. The melting of glaciers not only threatens the coastal areas, but also threatens the traditional culture of wildlife and the countries of the Arctic. The Arctic ice area is contaminated with large amounts of plastic particles, seriously damaging the Arctic ecosystem. Scientists are currently actively studying the complex biological consequences of melting glaciers and opening up.
Top 6 Ancient human migration
Scientists have been trying to use DNA analysis and computer technology to study human history to determine the formation of human race and human society. This work has never been interrupted. The 2016 genetics research has provided a new direction for the migration of African ancient humans.
Top 7 Minimum Genome
In 2016, American scientists created the smallest genome in the laboratory that can survive in nature. It encompasses almost all genes involved in reading and expressing genetic information, as well as genetic information across generations. This genome contains enough genes to keep the body moving and self-replicating. This is a big step for human beings to solve the mystery of life creation.
Top 8 Treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The typical aging plaques formed by the elongated fibers (fibrils) of amyloid β are present in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Researchers from Lund University and MIT have successfully demonstrated at the atomic resolution level that β-amyloid β-amyloid (Amyloid-β, Aβ) has been considered to be an important component of brain lesions. It is an important pathological indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biogen's aducanumab antibody targeting Aβ protein is the first potential drug to target β-amyloid clearance with clinical effects. The mid-term data reveal that it can effectively alleviate the decline of cognitive ability in patients with early Alzheimer's disease, but more experiments are needed to evaluate the side effects of aducanumab and verify its safety.
Top 9 Repair of the Antarctic ozone hole
It is well known that humans have emitted a large amount of chlorine-containing bromine compounds, resulting in a huge ozone hole over the Antarctic. The Antarctic ozone hole has been a major environmental problem that has plagued humanity. Ozone has the function of absorbing solar ultraviolet radiation. The destruction of the ozone layer will threaten the survival of animals and plants, and increase the risk of human skin diseases such as skin cancer and cataract. This year's study confirms that the thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica has begun to repair itself. The case of changes in the ozone layer has set a good example for solving global environmental problems.
Top 10 Artificial Intelligence
In 2016, it coincides with the 60th anniversary of the development of artificial intelligence. Google's AlphaGo outperforms many human opponents in board games. With AlphaGo as the representative, it has achieved a series of breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology at home and abroad. The attention of the community to artificial intelligence has reached an unprecedented commanding height. After AlphaGo, how the future of artificial intelligence will evolve will have an impact on human beings and become an important topic of concern to all sectors of society.
Source: Bio 360
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