Photosynthesis may be the greatest chemical reaction on the planet, because the use of solar energy, green plants through the photosynthesis of water and carbon dioxide into organic compounds and release of oxygen, thus constitute the foundation of life on Earth. The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced today the latest research results of Chinese scientists in Beijing. The crystal structure of the compound that mainly captures light energy in green leaves was first measured, and the secret of the compound's efficient absorption and transmission of light energy was resolved. World authoritative science magazine "Nature" published a research report on the crystal structure of the main light-harvesting complex of spinach (LHC-II), which was jointly developed by the Institute of Biophysics and the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. An important participant in the project, Chang Wenrui, a researcher at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that photosynthesis is accomplished by both the light trapping system and the photoreaction center's two “respondersâ€. The light trapping system is responsible for transmitting the “baton†to the light reaction. center. The three-dimensional structure of the light-harvesting protein complex is the structural basis for the efficient use of light energy by plants. The LHC-II membrane protein is the most abundant light-harvesting complex in green plants. The team found that this complex is a hollow sphere with typical icosahedral symmetry. At the same time, this structure reveals for the first time the arrangement of pigment molecules in the complex and explains why LHC-II can efficiently absorb and transmit light energy. At the same time, a new way of crystallizing the membrane protein has also been discovered. Research team members said that the study is essential for understanding the light harvesting and energy transfer processes that take place in plant photosynthesis. The significance of this research is very significant and it may have a profound impact on human life. Academician Qi Tingyun, an academic member of the research group, said that photosynthesis provides 220 billion tons of bioenergy each year, which is 10 times the energy needed by all humans. Although the research results are still a long way from the actual application, it provides a theoretical basis for the study of how crops increase the efficiency of light utilization. It is also the basis and effective way to study new generation of biochips and electronic components. If solar energy can be used on a large scale, there will be new solutions to the food and energy problems that plague humanity.
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