“Despite its small size, it has a very big effect!†The nano family can now be described as “the prosperity of the peopleâ€, providing life scientists with a steady stream of inspiration and a vast creative space, and has become a “booster†for the rapid development of biomedicine. Device."
"Like fireflies, it's tiny and powerful..." The lyrics of Dickie's "Light in Love" may be the best portrayal of nanotechnology.
Since Faraday's first observation of the correspondence between the size and color of nanogold sols in 1857, nanometers have passed 161 years of time. Today, under the "handy magic" of life scientists, dust is small and not visible to the naked eye. Nano-biological products, in the new era of precision medical care, will also serve as the “vanguard†of humans against difficult diseases such as cancer.
Derived from interdisciplinary fusion
"To understand nanomaterials and technology, we must first understand what the 'nano' is." May 11, Tianjin University Health Science Platform (Science Institute and School of Medicine) vice president, professor and doctoral tutor Chang Jinjian When speaking to a reporter from the Science and Technology Daily, the first sentence said that. As the chairperson of the Nanomedicine and Engineering Subcommittee of the Chinese Society for Biomedical Engineering, director of the Tianjin Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection and Technology Engineering Center, Changjin has been engaged in the development of nano-biological materials and technologies in tumors, senile dementia and other major diseases for many years. Basic and applied research in diagnosis and treatment. Not long ago, he and his team developed new nanoparticles by adding rare earth materials. With PET optical imaging technology, they successfully achieved targeted visualization of targeted drugs and achieved multi-target subcellular localization of cancer proteins and cancer treatment. The research results were successively published in the top journal of nanotechnology, the American Chemical Society Nano.
In the past two decades, researchers have conducted extensive research on the design and manufacture of materials ranging in size from 1 nanometer to several nanometers. This global research work is often referred to as nanoscience or nanotechnology, and contains nanomaterials. The number of finished products is growing rapidly. Grabbing a pen on the table, Chang Jin noted that 1 nanometer is one-billionth of a meter and is equivalent to about one in 80,000 of a hair. “Don't look at it's small size, but it's very big!†because nanometers are exactly in the middle of the microcosmic world represented by atoms and molecules and the macroscopic world represented by human activity space, and nanomaterials also carry “special "Functional", with its unique chemical and physical properties, builds a magical and grand new world.
Nanotechnology is the technology that uses the wonderful properties of nanomaterials to create parts and products with specific functions. For example, some nanomaterials are strong, ten times more powerful than ordinary metals, and at the same time, they are comparable in elasticity to rubber. People have the illusion that one day they can use such nanomaterials to make cars, planes or ships, reducing their weight. 1/10; while some nano materials are light and soft, and very strong, the density is 1/6 of steel, and the strength is l00 times that of steel. It is better to be a bullet-proof vest; there are also nano materials that can absorb the sun The light energy in the light is directly used as a power source.
Since the beginning of the new century, with the gradual rise of interdisciplinary research, nanotechnology has been rapidly developed based on its unique size effect and excellent optical and electromagnetic properties. Nanotechnology and biotechnology are also slowly intertwined and interwoven in interdisciplinary research, slowly leading to a very rapidly developing cross-disciplinary nanotechnology.
The next 10 years will enter a period of rapid outbreak
The nano family can now be described as "the proliferation of humans," and it also provides life scientists with a steady stream of inspiration and vast creative space. It has also become a "booster" for the rapid development of biomedicine. At present, nano-biotechnology has effectively promoted the advancement of the world-wide medical and biological industries, and promoted and supported the medical and bio-tech industries to become the core elements of the national economy, especially the high-tech industries.
In 2017, the Woodrow-Wilson Center for International Scholars published an on-line catalog of nanotechnology consumer products, which lists more than 1,600 consumer products based on nanotechnology. Especially in the medical and health industry, nanotechnology has made major breakthroughs. In the United States, nanomedicines for the treatment of leukemia and melanoma have long existed. The melanoma nanomedicines can extend the survival of patients to five years. Not long ago, our National Nanosciences Center developed a supramolecular self-assembly. DNA nanobots for spotting tumor vessels...
“Nano-biotechnology is currently on the eve of a major breakthrough. In the next 10 years, it will enter a period of rapid outbreak and the prospect is immeasurable!†Chang Jin said that the nanotechnology used to study life phenomena mainly utilizes the molecular level (nanometer level). Organic or inorganic matter manipulation technology to solve the problems encountered by biology. "The purpose is not only to miniaturize products, but also to control the behavior of molecules to achieve the purpose of controlling tissues and cells, and to effectively control the variability of nanomaterials or composites themselves, and their interaction with biological systems. reaction."
Nanotechnology will enable medical diagnosis and detection technology to develop in micro, micro, micro, minimally invasive and rapid, dynamic, and intelligent directions; to enable drug production to achieve low-cost, high-efficiency, automation, and large-scale, and nano-drugs enter the human body. Targeting of organs will be achieved; nanobots can be injected into the body from blood vessels, using glucose and oxygen dissolved in the blood as energy, and these molecular robots can also perform health checks, thrombosis, and cardiovascular removals according to doctor-programmed procedures. Fat deposits, phagocytosis of bacteria, killing of cancer cells, monitoring of disease in the body, etc.; nano-biosensors will be used to monitor, collect, and broadcast information on the health status and pathological changes of cells in the body... “Nanotechnology will bring traditional medicine to The revolutionary changes.†Looking into the future of nanobiotechnology applications, Professor Chang Jin was slightly excited.
The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has made a significant impact on the medical and health industries. It has made significant use in medical applications such as drug delivery, biomaterials, imaging, and active implantation. In the view of Changjin, in the next few years, domestic nanobiotechnology will achieve “more useless areas†in the three clinical medical fields such as micro-nano chip detection, drug targeted therapy, and micro/nano medical robots. In addition, nanotechnology will also bring revolutionary changes to the development of new drugs. For example, using traditional methods to find anti-tumor drugs is very time consuming, and the use of nanotechnology can screen one million kinds of drugs at a time, greatly shortening the development cycle of new drugs.
Lack of animal models and clinical experience is the biggest short board
Thanks to the awareness of the basic science, economic and social values ​​of nanobiotechnology, many countries have rapidly expanded their national R&D projects and investments. From a worldwide perspective, the United States, Russia, Japan, and Germany currently rank among the world's top R&D investments. Since 2001, the total funding for the US National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) has reached approximately US$24 billion, and the budget for 2017 alone exceeds 14%. One hundred million U.S. dollars.
“In 2015, China’s total investment in nanotechnology research exceeded US$1 billion.†An interview with Zhong Jin told reporters that at present, China is already in the first phalanx in nanobiotechnology research, and some research fields and achievements have begun to lead the world. “The number of invention patents applied for or authorized in the field of nanotechnology in China has increased significantly and has now ranked second in the world. Since 2009, the number of SCI papers for nanotechnology in China has surpassed that of the United States, ranking first in the world. The quality of the game has also greatly improved and it has been cited as the second largest in the world."
In addition, in terms of standardization of nanotechnology, China has a place in the international arena, and a series of national nanotechnology standards have been successively promulgated in the country, initially forming a nano standardization system. In the medical field, the national level layout is continuously making breakthroughs. In February of this year, the national key research and development program of nanotechnology focused on the nanotechnology and transformation research project for early screening and whole course monitoring of gastric cancer was launched. It will devote to the development of a new ultrasensitive and specific nanometer detection method for gastric cancer markers.
“The lack of biology and medical background is the biggest challenge facing nano-biotechnology research in the future.†During the interview, the reporter learned that although the development of nano-biotechnology in China is good, some experts pointed out that at present, most scientists engaged in nano-biotechnology research in China With a background in chemistry or materials science, experience in animal models and clinical medical research is relatively limited, and such a short board should also be taken seriously. (Reporter Sun Yusong)
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