Recently, the author in Qingdao, Liaocheng, Heze, Tengzhou, Jinan and other places in Shandong, and the local agricultural department to view the wheat condition on the spot, found that this year's wheat due to drought led to weak roots, disease resistance is poor, it is expected that in May-May this year, wheat stripe rust and red Mildew will occur. Wheat stripe rust occurs on a large area in almost every year in wheat-producing areas in China. The disease is affected by the weather. It occurs early, spreads quickly, and causes great harm. Once the disease occurs, it is very difficult to control. So, how can we prevent wheat stripe rust in advance this year? The disease characteristics, field symptoms, and prevention and control measures of stripe rust are summarized as follows:
Wheat stripe rust is a kind of wheat rust, wheat rust is divided into stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust three, rust is also called "jaundice". In China, the general occurrence of stripe rust disease, severe rust in 2002 due to the onset of disease, the reduction in individual areas reached 50-80%, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other places It is a high incidence area of ​​wheat stripe rust.
Symptoms of wheat stripe rust: Wheat stripe rust mainly occurs on the leaves, and leaf sheaths, stems, spikes, and wheatgrass can also occur. At the seedling stage, multiple round-shaped arrays of fresh yellow summer spores were generated on the leaves of the seedlings. When the adult leaves begin to develop, the uredia spores are small strips, bright yellow, oval, parallel to the veins, and arranged in rows, like the stitches sewn by the sewing machine, appearing as a dotted line, the epidermis ruptures, and the rust powder appears. .
First, transmission routes and conditions
1 Poor condition, wheat seedlings grow weak and susceptible to disease. Due to the severe drought before and after the Spring Festival, the wheat is poorly distributed and grows weak. In addition, during the wheat planting last year, the fertilizer prices increased significantly and the farmers' input of fertilizers was insufficient, which seriously affected the growth of wheat. Intractable wheat is more susceptible to stripe rust. 2 Suitable climatic conditions are conducive to the occurrence of wheat stripe rust. When the temperature rises to 5°C, spores of stripe rust begin to develop. In the event of spring rain or condensation, the disease spreads rapidly and spreads rapidly. It can easily cause spring epidemics. If the storm water is suitable and the temperature is appropriate in April-May, it will be conducive to the occurrence of stripe rust. And spread. Therefore, at the same time as drought and seedling protection, wheat stripe rust should be taken as the top priority in wheat management. 3 Variety disease resistance is quite different. Due to the large-scale planting of varieties with the same source in the same area in the past few years, the disease resistance of certain wheat varieties is often lost.
Second, the control of stripe disease
1 plant resistant varieties. For example, Hebei may choose to use buckwheat 19, buckwheat 26, buckwheat 5418, Fengkang 13 and Jingyou 626; Henan may choose Yumai 17, Zheng 8329, Xuzhou 21 and so on. In recent years, China has also bred a large number of new varieties resistant to stripe rust, which can be selected locally according to local conditions. 2 When planting disease-resistant varieties, pay attention to the rational distribution of anti-rust varieties. Use resistance variety diversity or heterogeneity to control the change of rust population composition, avoid variety simplification, and pay attention to regular rotation to prevent loss of resistance. 3 appropriate sowing, appropriate late broadcast. Don't sow prematurely. This will reduce the occurrence of stripe rust. 4 Reasonable fertilization. Reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and multi-element mineral fertilizers and microbial inoculants. When wheat turns green, foliar spray natural alizarin-shuofeng 481, and spray 2-3 times. 5 Reasonable irrigation. The soil moisture is high or the drainage is drained after the rain. The heavy water in the later period needs to be properly watered to reduce the output loss. 6 Chemical control: Wheat stripe rust was found to be treated with 20% triazole copper (triaden) EC 100 ml watered 50 kg + 2 g Shuofeng 481 evenly sprayed.
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