Solid waste refers to the solid and semi-solid waste materials produced by human beings in production, consumption, life and other activities (the definition of foreign countries is more extensive, and the waste generated by animal activities also belongs to this category). In layman's terms, it is “ Rubbish". It mainly includes solid particles, garbage, slag, sludge, discarded products, broken utensils, defective products, animal carcasses, deteriorating foods, human and animal waste. Some countries also classify high-concentration liquids such as waste acid, waste alkali, waste oil, and waste organic solvents as solid waste.
The main reasons for human activities to produce solid waste are:
1 ) The limitation of human cognition ability leads to the destruction of the natural environment, such as soil erosion and forest destruction;
2 ) The technical level of personnel involved in planning, design, manufacturing, transportation, consumption, management and other activities limits the waste of resources, such as machine edge processing, unqualified products, improper use of waste products, etc.;
3 ) The law of material change is limited, leading to the evolution of the function of materials and materials, such as by-products of production processes such as sugar cane bagasse, slag, tailings, scrapped products, and decayed food;
4 ) Pursue rational and irrational psychological constraints such as self-interest, self-protection, luxury, vanity, etc., resulting in waste of resources, such as over-packaging, disposables, luxury goods, etc.;
A business model that materializes the use rights (use value) of the consumer's material possession desires to dilute the waste product recycling responsibility of the product supplier, hindering the entry of waste materials and increasing waste production.
For ease of handling solid waste diversion, combined with our understanding of the habits and garbage collection, transportation, where the solid waste is divided into 14 categories: household waste, food waste, bulky waste, construction waste, urban sewage treatment plant sewage Mud, green waste, manure, animal carcasses, medical waste, electronic waste, abandoned vehicles, industrial waste, agricultural waste, hazardous waste, when the classification method is not clearly stated, the main components of various wastes are shown in Table 1. Provisions.
Table 1 Types, composition and sources of solid waste
Waste type | Main composition | source |
Domestic garbage | General waste such as paper scraps, sawdust, waste plastics, leather, packaging waste, ashes, etc. | Family, restaurant, market, canteen, hotel, institution, school, store |
Cleaning garbage | Outdoor open space, waters | |
Kitchen waste | Kitchen waste (preparation, cooking and post-meal waste, vegetable market organic waste) | Family, farmers market and supermarket |
Food waste (water, leftovers, etc.) | Catering industry, scale non-profit canteen | |
Food waste (food storage, processing, sales, expired food in the consumption process, decay food, etc.) | Food and semi-finished products management enterprises, families, catering industry, scale non-profit canteens | |
Big waste | Large pieces of furniture, electrical appliances | Family, restaurant, market, canteen, institution, school, store |
Construction waste | Engineering demolition (removal of wood or steel for construction or engineering, concrete, brick, stone, excavation and others), construction waste (wood, steel and other construction waste) | Demolition site, new construction, decoration |
Town water and sewage treatment plant sludge | Screening, grit, scum, sludge | Water purification plant, sewage plant |
Green garbage | Branches and flowers | Residential area, commercial area, outdoor open space, water area, industrial area, agricultural area |
Dung residue | Feces and their residues | Manure pit, septic tank |
Animal corpse | Chicken, duck, cat, dog, pig, cow, sheep, horse, etc. | Family, farm, outdoor open space |
Medical waste | Waste syringe, wound dressing, bloody waste | Hospitals, clinics, research institutions |
electronic waste | Refrigerator, air conditioner, washing machine, TV, computer, mobile phone, waste electronic components | Family, restaurant, market, store, school, institution, electronics factory |
Abandoned vehicle | Motor vehicles, bicycles, etc. | Family, enterprise |
Industrial waste | Waste residue, waste, waste plastics, waste chemicals, sludge, tailings, packaging waste | Various industries, mines, thermal power plants |
Agricultural waste | Agricultural waste, crop waste | Fields, farms, forest farms, poultry farms, dairy farms, pastures |
Hazardous waste | Waste with flammability, explosiveness, radioactivity, chemical reactivity, pathogenicity | Home, hospital, hotel, factory, store, research institution |
As can be seen from the table, in general, the higher the urban living standard, the greater the amount of garbage generated, in large cities in low-income countries, such as Kolkata, Karachi and Jakarta, each generating 0.5 - 0.8 kg per day ; in large cities in industrialized countries The garbage produced per person per day is usually about 1 kilogram.
The solid waste toxicity leaching equipment TCLP is a device for pre-treating solid waste. When the leaching of hazardous substances exceeds the thresholds set by relevant regulations, the waste has leaching toxicity. The identification of leaching toxicity of solid waste is the basis for judging hazardous waste and an important part of solid waste management and disposal technology development.
Organic Potato starch is produced by fresh potatoes. The potatoes are crushed, and the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells. The starch is then extracted and dried to powder. Organic potato starch can replace cornstarch in most cases as it is also a thickener for foods, such as soups, sauces, batters, baked goods, etc.
It contains typical large oval spherical granules, their size ranges between 5 and 100 μm. Potato starch contains minimal protein or fat. This gives the powder a clear white color, and the cooked starch typical characteristics of neutral taste, good clarity, high binding strength, long texture, and a minimal tendency to foaming or yellowing of the solution.
Potato starch contains approximately 800 ppm phosphate bound to the starch, this increases the viscosity and gives the solution a slightly anionic character, a low gelatinization temperature (approximately 140 °F or 60 °C), and high swelling power.
As a professional producer and supplier of organic potato starch, our starch is produced, processed, and stored in strict accordance with EU and USDA organic standards. It is 100% traceable.
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Organicway (xi'an) Food Ingredients Inc. , https://www.organicwayinc.com