The efficacy and effect of astragalus polysaccharides

Astragalus polysaccharides are water-soluble heteropolysaccharides obtained by extracting, concentrating, and purifying dry roots of leguminous Astragalus membranaceus or Astragalus membranaceus. Light yellow, fine powder, even without impurities, with moisture. Astragalus polysaccharides are composed of hexuronic acid, glucose, fructose, rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid. They can be used as immune promoters or regulators, and have anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-aging and anti-aging properties. Radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other effects.

effect

1, the role of the immune system

Effect on non-specific immune function

Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) can significantly enhance the non-specific immune function and humoral immune function, so that the percentage and index of erythrocytosis of sheep in mice are significantly enhanced, serum hemolysin formation is promoted, hemolysis function of plaque forming cells is improved, and carbon segregation is significantly enhanced. Significantly increased spleen weight. Further separation of Astragalus polysaccharides yielded three monomeric polysaccharides: 123. The results were that the polysaccharide 1 could increase the spleen weight and cell number, but inhibited the spleen cells' immune response to sheep red blood cells. 2 is similar to 1 but weaker, polysaccharide 3 has no effect. Astragalosides can promote lymph node B cell proliferation and plasma cell antibody formation. Astragalus can promote the formation of immunospecific rosettes in mouse lymphocytes. Astragalus polysaccharides significantly enhanced the phagocytic luminescence intensity of macrophages and inhibited the release of PGE2, but further promoted the release of TNF. Cyclooxygenase inhibition of ibuprofen significantly inhibited the release of PGE2 and TNF, and had no significant effect on phagocytosis. Therefore, it can be suggested that the combination of an immune activator and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor is expected to become a new treatment for wound infections.

Humoral immunity

Astragalus has a significant role in promoting the normal body's antibody production. Astragalus membranaceus in the body fluid immunity, enhance the phagocytic activity of mononuclear macrophages, release of immunoreactive substances to somatic cells, natural killer cells, induced interferon, interleukin and many other manifestations of a variety of physiological activities. One of its antiviral principles may be to increase the ability of leukocytes to induce interferon in patients. Normal people have significantly increased IgE3 after taking astragalus mongholicus extract tablets. Astragalus promotes phagocytosis of macrophages, promotes B cell proliferation and inhibits total complement activity. It has an inducing effect on the production of interleukin and promotes the formation of immune-specific rosettes in mouse lymphocytes, and has a significant protective effect on the immune function caused by immunosuppressants. It is a bidirectional immunomodulatory effect. Agent. Astragalus polysaccharide is a kind of substance with strong immunological activity in Astragalus membranaceus. It can enhance the phagocytic function of phagocytic cells. It can be seen from the spleen and thymus weights, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, total number of spleen cells and plaque forming cells. All of H. erythropolysaccharide can completely and partially counteract the immunosuppressive effect of cyclic phosphoamine or prednisolone.

The role of cellular immunity Huangqi can promote somatic immune function.

Its role in enhancing the immune function of human blood lymphocytes may be due to the partial reduction of the inhibitory T cell activity. Astragalus polysaccharide can regulate the content and promote the metabolism of phosphatidylinositol, and then increase the transcriptional expression of IL-2 mRNA and IL-2R mRNA in activated T lymphocyte after trauma, which may be the mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides to correct the low cellular immunity after trauma. one. The regulatory effect of Astragalus on T cells and their secreted cytokines may be related to the regulation of the production of IgG subclasses.

Effect on natural killer cells

Astragalus can protect target cells against T cell activity, but its degree is not as strong as that of T cell activity. Its enhanced NK cell activity effect is induced by the production of type II interferon mediators by lymphocytes. Therefore, it is thought that NK cells may be precursor cells of T cells, and the effect of Astragalus on NK cells is consistent with its activation on T cells.

Effect on induced interferon

Astragalus has obvious stimulatory effects on the interferon system, including three aspects of self-induced, promoting induction and activity. Astragalus itself has a certain anti-tumor effect. Astragalus polysaccharides (5mg/kg) and IL-2/LAK have similar anti-tumor effects and have significant anti-tumor effect on IL-2/LAK.

2, the impact on the body's metabolism

2.1 Effect on Cell Metabolism

By observing human fetal kidney cells, human fetal lung diploid cells and mouse kidney cells were grown in astragalus-containing nutrient solution, it was found that astragalus can enhance the physiological metabolism of cells. After mice decoction and normal people taking Huangqi dry extract tablet, the plasma CAMp content increased significantly. The mouse SC Huang Qi injection can significantly increase the total number of leukocytes and the number of multinucleated leukocytes. Astragalus can also promote the formation, development and maturation of various types of blood cells and promote the hematopoietic function of bone marrow. In vitro culture of liver cells, Astragalus can promote RNA and protein synthesis, suggesting that it can prolong cell life, enhance cell metabolism and delay aging.

2.2 Effects on Nucleic Acid Metabolism

The extent of inhibition of free RN-ase activity by Astragalus polysaccharides (ASP) is: kidney <liver <lung <spleen, this result is explained by the relative increase in the rate of equilibrium responses, and the effect of APS is evident in low RI tissue. Astragalus has an inhibitory effect on RNA metabolism of human lung diploid cells. Huangqi decoction can significantly promote the synthesis of DNA in bone marrow hematopoietic cells and speed up the process of nucleated cell division. Astragalus saponins can significantly increase the content of DNA in regenerating liver. Astragalus polysaccharide has no obvious effect on DNA metabolism.

2.3 Effect on Nucleotide of Inner Loop

Astragalus decoction can significantly increase the content of inner cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and Cgmp) in mouse plasma and tissues and its effect on different organs is different; administration increases cAMP, cGMP decreases; liver contrasts ; And the spleen increased. Further experiments showed that the effect of astragalus on cAMP was due to its inhibition of cAMP-PDE.

2.4 Effects on Protein and Other Metabolites

The continuous administration of mice with Astragalus decoction for 10 days can significantly increase the rate of H-leucine incorporation into serum and liver proteins without affecting the protein content, ie, Astragalus can promote serum and protein turnover in mice. It is thought that the polysaccharides therein are likely to be effective ingredients for promoting protein renewal. Astragalus saponin 100g/kg gavage also has a similar effect. Jaundice tends to increase blood glucose levels in insulin-induced hypoglycemic animals, but the increase is smaller.

3, the role of the cardiovascular system

3.1 The role of the heart

Astragalus decoction has no significant effect on isolated frog hearts. Alcohol extracts can increase the contraction of the isolated frogs or quail hearts, and the amplitudes of the frogs or quail are significantly enlarged. When the dose is high doses, they are inhibited. Therefore, astragalus saponin may be through the NA, K-ATP enzyme to achieve a strong heart effect. According to reports, Astragalus can increase the content of lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in human cardiac myocytes. The above suggested that Astragalus has calcium antagonistic effect, which can reduce the intracardiac CA flow caused by viral infection, may reduce the secondary CA damage of infected cells, and has an inhibitory effect on the replication of viral RNA in cells, indicating its viral myocarditis. The clinical treatment of the application value. However, a single dose of jaundice has no preventive effect on CVB3 myocarditis. Astragaloside has a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium and is similar to cardiac glycosides. Experiments have shown that Astragalosides can significantly improve cardiac contractility in dogs with myocardial infarction, enhance coronary flow, and have a protective effect on heart function. Studies have shown that the antioxidant effect of Radix Astragali may be one of the mechanisms of cardiotonic action. Baicalin IV injection is an effective inotropic agent for non-digitalis.

3.2 Effect on Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

Jaundice has the effect of dilating blood vessels and expanding coronary arteries. Therefore, it is believed that the antihypertensive effect is a result of direct expansion of the peripheral blood vessels, and there is no dependence on the heart, nor is it related to the release of histamine or the action of adrenergic receptors. The results showed that the effect of Astragalus on blood pressure was related to central nervous peptides, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, carnosine releasing enzyme-carnosine system, and hydroxyproline. The antihypertensive component of Astragalus has been considered to be a basic substance, but it was later found that Astragalus root contains aminobutyric acid, and its level is almost completely parallel to the antihypertensive effect, so it is considered to be an effective antihypertensive component. In terms of vascular effects, aminobutyric acid does not fully represent jaundice. Astragalus can promote the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in different degrees, which is beneficial to promote angiogenesis. The saponins such as astragalus saponin III IIIV and formononetin, calycosin and other isoflavones in the film Astragalus membranaceus can significantly improve the deformability of incubating erythrocytes. This may be an important factor in the improvement of hemorheological indexes of Astragalus membranaceus. Mechanism, an important part of Astragalus on the role of human erythrocyte membrane, may be to protect human erythrocyte membrane from free radical attacks.

4. Effect on stress response

4.1 Anti-fatigue effect

Astragalus polysaccharide 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of normal mice and hydrocortisone due to "deficiency" mice, swimming time at room temperature are significantly prolonged, and increase the adrenal weight of mice under stress. The extract of Astragalus membranaceus significantly increased the plasma cortisol content, adrenal weight, and lipid vacuoles in the adrenal cortex of rats under stress. Cerebral hypoxia caused by bilateral carotid artery ligation has a significant antagonistic effect and can significantly prolong the survival of mice.

4.2 resistance to low temperature and high temperature

Astragalus polysaccharide 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, can significantly enhance the normal mice, starved mice and hydrocortisone treated mice, the low temperature effect, so that the survival time significantly increased; but no significant high temperature effect. 5.4.3 Anti-radiation effects Total flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis may have a protective effect against this radiation-induced damage to the immune system. Its mechanism of action may be related to the antioxidant activity of total flavonoids of Astragalus membranaceus and the scavenging of free radicals, so that the immune cells are protected from the damage of lipid peroxidation, and the total flavonoids of Astragalus may also have the function of changing the energy metabolism of immune cells and promoting the division of lymphocytes.

5, anti-aging effects long-term use

Astragalus has certain significance in preventing senile arteriosclerosis and improving the lung function of aging. In vitro cultured human embryonic lung diploid fibroblasts survived to 52 passages, while the cultured cells containing 0.2% Astragalus mongholicus survived to 77 generations. The changes in organelles during cell senescence and the senescence ratio of cells in the control group It is basically the same, but its degree of change is light, and the rate of change is relatively slow. In particular, the Golgi complex of the drug group cells is particularly developed. Although the cells are already aging, they are not very old. Studies have shown that Huangqi has a good effect of extending life, and it is worthy of great attention and development for its anti-aging and long-lived drugs.

6, the role of the urinary system

Intravenous injection of Astragalus Injection can significantly increase serum albumin in rat model of minimal change nephropathy, significantly reduce serum cholesterol, and increase blood supply of glomerular capillary filaments. It also significantly reduces scrotal edema and ascites. Animals in the administration group also had better dietary and mental status than the control group; Astragalus membranaceus could significantly reduce the amount of protein in the urine; pathological observations also proved that the lesions in the Astragalus group were reduced, and this inhibition of nephritis may be associated with enhanced metabolism of the Astragalus membranaceus. Improve the nutritional status of the body. Jaundice can reduce kidney disease in spontaneous lupus mice through immune regulation.

7, hepatoprotective effect

Jaundice has a protective effect on the liver and prevents the decrease of liver glycogen. Two kinds of baicalin ASI and SK can fight liver damage caused by D-galactosamine and acetaminophen. Baicalin is an effective component of anti-hepatitis damage of baicalin, and its mechanism is related to metabolic regulation in addition to anti-biological oxidation. Another study suggests that Astragalus has a role in preventing liver fibrosis.

8, the role of the central nervous system

Subcutaneous injections of jaundice to mice maintained sedation for several hours. The mice drank 30% decoction of Astragalus membranaceus for 15 days to strengthen the learning and memory function of mice. The experiment showed that Astragalus is beneficial to the information storage of mouse brains.

9, the role of smooth muscle

5% and 10% Astragalus decoction can significantly increase the intestine tension in rabbits, slower peristalsis, and increase the amplitude; in rabbits isolated bowel, uterus are inhibited. Astragalus saponins can reduce the tension of isolated ileum in guinea pigs.

10. Hormone-like effects

There was no significant effect of astragaloside and astragaloside on the weight of rats, mice, levator ani muscle, or kidney weight in the Huangqi extract, suggesting no effect of anabolic hormone or androgen.

11. Antibacterial and antiviral effects

Astragalus polysaccharides have obvious antagonistic effects on tuberculosis infection; other components such as amino acids, alkaloids, and flavonoids have been found to have significant anti-follicular stomatitis virus effects. Animal and transmission cell experiments showed that Astragalus Injection has a certain blocking effect on epidemic hemorrhagic fever and EHFV infection in mice. Astragalus membranaceus against Shigella dysenteriae, anthrax bacillus, a-live streptococcus, streptococcus sanguis, diphtheria bacillus, diphtheroids, pneumococci, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus aureus, and subtilis Antibacterial effect.

12, anti-tumor effect

Astragalus polysaccharides significantly inhibited a variety of experimental tumor oils. Animal experiments show that Astragalus polysaccharides and IL-2/LAK have similar anti-tumor effects, and there is a significant enhancement of the anti-tumor effect of IL-2/LAK. The combination of the two can significantly increase the lethality of LAK cells to target cells. Both of them combined with dynamic cellular immune function observations, suggesting that both have the effect of resisting the activity of mouse spleen NK cells and decreasing the ability of IL-2 production. It shows that the anti-tumor effect of Astragalus polysaccharides is related to the enhancement of immune function. It can improve the immune function caused by the body's tumors, promote the activation of immune cells to release endogenous factors, prevent peroxidation and thus cause the killing and inhibition of tumor cells, for the treatment of chicken Marek's disease.

13. Impact on wound infection

The pharmacological experiments of Astragalus polysaccharides on wounds in experimental mice showed that the phagocytic luminescence intensity of macrophages and the release of PCE2 were significantly enhanced, which further promoted the release of TNF. The combination of the immune activator Astragalus polysaccharide and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen enhanced the phagocytic luminescence intensity of macrophages and significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-1 from PGE2 and TNF. Thus, the combination of an immune activator and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor is expected to become a new treatment for wound infections.

14, protection

Zhang Yan et al. found that Astragalus polysaccharides have obvious protective effects on experimental liver injury and can significantly counteract serum alanine aminotransferase in mice caused by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol, and have obvious protection against the pathological changes in mice caused by both. effect.

15, the regulation of blood sugar

APs have bidirectional regulation. It can be a glucose-reduced mouse blood glucose significantly reduced, but also significantly against epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in mice, and it can also significantly inhibit experimental hypoglycemia in mice induced by phenformin. However, it has no significant effect on insulin hypoglycemia.

16. Antiviral effect of astragalus polysaccharides

Astragalus polysaccharide is an interferon inducing agent. Its antiviral principle: stimulates the function of macrophages and T cells, increases the number of E-loop forming cells, induces cytokines, promotes interleukin induction, and causes animal organisms to produce Endogenous interferon, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-virus.

17. Anti-bacterial effect of astragalus polysaccharides

The mechanism of antibacterial action is multi-faceted. On the one hand, it directly inhibits the killing and detoxification of bacteria and their toxic products. On the other hand, the more important thing is to play a role in rectifying the evil, inhibiting bacteria and sterilizing the body by modulating the immune defense function. Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus anthracis, a, b Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella have antibacterial effects.

18, intestinal health effects

Astragalus polysaccharides can increase the number of intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in chicks, can significantly reduce the number of E. coli, can effectively promote the proliferation of intestinal beneficial microorganisms, and have an inhibitory effect on intestinal bacteria. Metabolites are short-chain fatty acids that reduce intestinal pH. Low pH can stimulate intestinal peristalsis on the one hand, and thus reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria. The other side's acidic environment is conducive to the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, while the beneficial bacteria produce hydrogen peroxide and organic during the proliferation process. Antibacterially active metabolites such as acids can inhibit the survival of harmful and pathogenic bacteria.

Instructions for use

The source of the extraction is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus plant film Astragalus membranaceus; brown-yellow powder, slightly sweet taste, with moisture induction; content of oral ≥65% injection ≥70%, widely used in veterinary drug raw materials injection

Oral liquid, drinking water, condiment feed, etc., health care, antiviral medicine

Pharmacological effects

Astragalus polysaccharide can induce the body to produce interferon, interfere with the replication of virus in the body, improve the body's immune function, promote the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activity; and can strengthen and Stimulation of lymphocyte and reticuloendothelial cells, enhanced phagocytic function of reticuloendothelial cells and macrophages, and has a good promotion and regulation of humoral, mucosal and cellular immunity.

Indications

1. The product can improve the disease resistance of young animals, and often adding young, piglets and young animals can reduce the disease, promote weight gain, increase the living rate, and increase the uniformity.

2, used in calves, sheep, pigs, a variety of viral diseases that are bacterial, such as chronic swine fever, viral enteritis, parvovirus, circovirus, orchid disease and other toxic diseases. Such as the combination of antibiotics has a good therapeutic effect on cellular diseases.

3. Viral diseases such as Bursa of Fabricius, Avian Influenza, Bronchial, Newcastle Disease, Immunosuppression Syndrome, Duck Plague, Duck Hepatitis, Geese, etc. used in poultry

4. The combination of anti-toxins has specific effects on bacterial recurrence and bacterial diseases that are prone to produce antibiotics, and solves the problem of relapse or resistance. Such as poultry E. coli, rhinitis, duck serositis, pasteurellosis, necrotic enteritis, staphylococcus and other stubborn and prone to diseases.

5, as an immune enhancer and activator, effective treatment can cause diseases of the immune system. Such as immunosuppressive syndrome (also known as anemia factor), bursal disease, avian flu, leukemia, is also a good vaccine protection agent, and can quickly increase the body's immune response to the vaccine and increase antibody levels. After one to two days of immunization, the effect is better.

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