Standardized cultivation management technology

It is a common medicinal herb, and is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It is also known as Chuanxiong, Xiqiao, silkworm pupa, big head lice, and black medicine. The roots and roots are used as medicines. They are spicy, bitter and warm. They have the effects of relieving table, dispelling cold, hurricane, dehumidification and relieving pain. They are used for cold and dampness, aversion to cold and fever, and sweating. The main production is Gansu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan and other places. At present, the price of the live market is 180 yuan / kg, and the development prospects and economic benefits are very good.

I. Botanical characteristics

It is a perennial herb with stems erect, purplish red, longitudinal grooves on the surface, and plant height 1 to 1.5 m. Leaves alternate, broadly divided, margin jagged, veins and margins with yellow fine hairs. Umbelliferous, terminal, yellow flowers, yellow-brown oval double-hanging fruit, fruit length 5 ca, flowering period in July, August results, fruit ripening from the end of August to the beginning of September. The root rind is yellowish brown with a circular cross pattern.

Second, biological characteristics

1. Seed characteristics: The live seed is thick, the texture is hard, oily, and the dormancy period is long. Under natural conditions, most of the seeds are incompletely developed, no embryos or in the state of the original embryos, and they need to undergo a long-term morphological post-ripening and physiological post-ripening process, which needs to be completed after 1 to 3 years of winter and spring. Cooked, and after artificially warming for 6 months, 50% of the seeds will be cooked. After completion, the mature seeds begin to germinate at a temperature of 8 degrees. With the increase of temperature, the seed emergence speed increases, and the germination rate is the fastest at about 15 degrees. Generally, it can germinate in 15 days and can be emerged within 30 days.

2. Growth habits: 羌 live like cold, cold, afraid of glare, hi fat. It is suitable for a cool and humid climate. It grows in alpine shrubs, grasses and forest margins under natural conditions. The soil is preferably rich in humus, slightly acidic or neutral meadow soil and mountain forest soil. It is a strong regional region and is not easy to grow under low altitude and warm climate. The seedling period is short and the seeds are immature under conditions of low altitude and low frost-free period. During the growth and development process, the first year is the vegetative growth stage, which forms the fleshy roots. In the second year, some of them enter reproductive growth. In the third year, all of them enter reproductive growth, and the results of convulsions are flowering. After the main stem of the convulsion is withered, the head of the head begins to grow. Under the cultivation conditions, in order to ensure the quality and yield of the medicinal materials, the mites are cut at a height of 10 cm, inhibiting reproductive growth, maintaining nutrients, and promoting root growth.

3. Environmental conditions: It is suitable for growing in the cold and humid areas with an altitude of 1500~3000m, and it is cool and humid. Soil moisture has a great influence on seedling emergence and seedling growth after sowing, which is a key factor to ensure the emergence rate. The live seedlings are chilly, afraid of direct sunlight, and often require straw to cover the seedlings.羌Requires a deep, loose and fertile, humus-rich neutral or slightly acidic loam or sandy loam with a pH between 6.5 and 7.0.

Third, standardized cultivation techniques

1. Site selection: Select the best agricultural production area with good growth conditions, no pollution, far away from pollution sources such as factories and mining areas, and sustainable development prospects. It is better to use terraces, slopes and forest margins in Yinshan or Banyin Mountain. The thickness of the soil layer is required to be greater than 35cm. It is loose and fertile, and has good permeability. It is advisable to choose the plots of cereals, beans and potatoes in the former crops or wasteland. , avoid continuous cropping. The front crops are deep-turned after harvesting, removing weeds, stones, and fine-tuning. In mid-October, combined with deep-drawing, it applied 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 50 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate.

2. Seed treatment: The seed treatment with low temperature sand storage method is simple and effective, and has good applicability. The germination rate of the treated seeds can reach 60%. When processing, select a new species and soak it in warm water for 48 hours, remove some moisture from the air to keep the water content 70%; mix the selected fine sand with water (by hand to form a dough without dripping water), press 1: 6 Stir the soaked seeds and wet sand evenly, and then use a well-ventilated woven bag to fit the 10kg/bag; then dig the 80cm pit in a cool, damp, water-free place to deeply bury the loaded seeds. When buried, the bag spacing soil is 10cm, and two layers are laid flat; after burying, pile up, open drainage ditch, and pressure protection to prevent flooding and trampling by humans and animals.

3. Suitable for standard sowing: sowing can be carried out in spring and autumn, but the rate of seeding in autumn is high. The autumn sowing is carried out in late October, and the spring sowing is carried out in the late March of the year of the year. The seeding bed is 20 kg/mu (untreated, the same below), and the live seed is 4 kg/mu. The seedbed is generally made of enamel with a height of 0.1m and a width of 1.2m to 1.4m. The length of the mulch is determined by the terrain, usually by strip or spread. During the sowing, the ditch is 12cm, the groove is 5cm deep and 10cm wide, and the seeds are evenly spread in the ditch, and then the ditch is flattened. When spreading, spread the seeds evenly over the surface of the dough and cover the soil 3-4cm, then tap the compaction. If there is a condition, it can be poured once after being sown. Evenly cover the straw or branch leaves 5cm after sowing, and then press the stones or branches on the straw to prevent the wind from blowing. After covering, the light transmittance of the enamel surface is as low as 10%. When it is shaded, it also plays a role of moisturizing and preventing knotting, so as to effectively protect the seedlings and help protect the seedlings.

4. Management of seedbed: After sowing, keep the seedbed moist. After the seedlings are released, pick up the grass and cover the grass in time to make the seedling grow small. After the seedlings, the weeds are removed for the first time. The seedling height is about 10cm (ie, two leaves and one heart and flowers) In the leaf stage, the second weeding is carried out, and the seedbed is kept free of weeds; when the seedling height is 10 cm, the first weeding seedlings are combined with the seedlings, and the seedlings are kept at 80-100,000 plants/mu. Topdressing, combined with weeding, 5 kg/mu of urea applied in rainy days; general wintering seedbeds have no special management, and the aboveground parts are withered after treatment, so as to cover the antifreeze and prevent the spring soil from thawing the soil, prohibiting human and animal trampling.

5. Field transplanting and management:

After the spring soil is thawed, the selected plots will be turned over 30cm deeper in mid-March, and the farmer's fertilizer will be finely leveled. Choose one-year-old seedlings that are free from pests and diseases, and that are not rotted. Dig hole nesting or trenching planting from late March to early April. The seedlings were 8000 plants/mu, and the plant spacing was 25cm, and the row spacing was 30~35cm. During the transplanting, the seedlings are placed in the nest (ditch), and the seedlings are slightly pressed into the soil. The depth of transplanting is 5 cm from the soil surface. After the transplanted seedlings are out, the first weeding is carried out, and the shallow removal is carried out to prevent damage to the roots. Combine the second weeding and cut off the convulsions, carry out appropriate soil and topdressing, and apply urea 15 kg/mu. In the second year of March of the second year, we will carry out cultivating and weeding and cultivating the soil. In early May, we will cut off the convulsions and carry out the second cultivating and weeding. At the same time, we will apply the decomposed farmyard manure or phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 20 kg/mu.

6. Pest Control: The standardization of cockroach cultivation should adhere to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”, rational rotation, and use excellent seed seedlings infected with no pests and diseases to improve and optimize the ecological environment of the production area. Root rot, which is prone to occur in low-temperature stagnant water during hot and rainy seasons. The control measures are: timely draining after weeding and weeding, selecting disease-free seedlings; seedlings are soaked with Bordeaux mixture of copper sulfate, quicklime, water 1: 1:150, dried and then sown; 50% carbendazim at the beginning of the disease 1000 times liquid spray, or spray with a dry net, spray once every 7 days, even spray 3 times ~ 4 times; remove the sickness in time after harvest, avoid continuous cropping. The main pests are aphids, heartworms, tigers, and golden worms. In the prevention and control period, the tiger and the golden worm can be irrigated with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, and the mites are sprayed with 40% omethoate 1000 times to 2000 times. In July and August, 80% of the didiwei emulsifiable concentrate is used for feeding the seeds. 2000 liquid spray.

Fourth, seed and seed collection

The harvesting field should be selected for the three-year-old live-growing field with good water and fertilizer conditions, cold weather, and above 2000m elevation, and it is required to be planted on excellent plants with strong growth and no pests and diseases. Retaining the field should strengthen the management of water and fertilizer before the flowering and flowering, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote the ripening of the seeds. Generally, only the larger flower buds are left in each plant, and the excess flower buds are cut off in time. The seed maturity is not uniform. When harvesting, it should be harvested in layers and batches in the first half of September. After the seeds are harvested, they are dried and placed in a ventilated and dry place to prevent insects, rodents, mildew and pollution.

5. Mining and processing

The plots that have been grown for two years after transplanting are selected and harvested in the late part of October from the end of October to the beginning of November, and the soil is frozen before the soil is frozen to prevent freezing damage. Cut off the ground stems at harvest and dig the roots to avoid digging and cutting. After harvesting, shake the soil in time, cut off the head and hair roots, remove the roots of the disease, and spread it on the site to dry. After the water is dried to 60%, stack it or store it in a rack. The height of the frame is generally more than 30cm from the ground, and the width of the frame is 1~1.5m. The head is placed on the outside and is 50cm thick. After stacking, the cover is covered with rain and antifreeze. After drying, it is packed in sacks and breathable woven bags and stored in a clean and well-ventilated warehouse. It is strictly prohibited to expose to rain and sun, to prevent mildew, insects, rat bites and other pollution. The average yield per mu is 250-300 kg. At present, the price of dry goods is 180 yuan / kg, and the output value per mu is over 40,000 yuan.

Seed supply: The company's breeding bases direct sales of new live 羌 live seeds, 羌 live seedlings, excellent varieties, quality assurance. Price: 140 yuan / kg.

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