The cotton field is currently entering the flowering stage, after which the cotton will enter the flowering and bolling period of more than 50 days, which is the peak period of fertilizer demand for cotton. In the 50-day flowering and bolling period, cotton is constantly blooming and ringing. The demand for nutrients is continuous and uninterrupted. Therefore, in addition to particularly fertile soil, it must be supplemented by top-dressing. The top-dressing of the flower and boll stage is an important event in the management of cotton bolls.
First, the fertilizer-free plots need to increase the amount of topdressing fertilizers. In areas where the average cotton planting area is high, some villages still maintain low input and low output, and the benefits of cotton planting are low. Some even apply only 10 to 15 kilograms of urea or diammonium (more than 150 kilograms of per annum per mu of seed cotton). Now the cotton plants have shown severe shortage of fertilizers. In particular, Nanpi County has already experienced heavy rainfall. The cotton fields have accumulated water, and soil Few available nutrients have been leached out and are now in urgent need of topdressing. If the amount of base fertilizer is small and no potassium fertilizer is applied to the cotton field, urea 10 kg and quality potassium fertilizer 7.5 kg shall be applied to Mushi (salt and alkali shall be applied with potassium sulfate); if potassium fertilizer is applied in the base fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea may be applied. According to the test results of the Soil Fertilizer Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences: When the proportion of seed cotton and cotton stalks is about 1:1.5, it takes 4 to 5 kg of nitrogen, 1.3 to 1.6 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and oxidation for every 100 kg of seed cotton produced. Potassium 4 to 5 kg. Without the use of a certain amount of fertilizer, it is not possible to produce high yields of cotton. Five kg of diammonium should also be added to the phosphorus-deficient land. Slow-release coated urea (commonly known as controlled-release fertilizer) has a long pot life and high utilization rate. It can be mixed with ordinary urea in a 1:1 manner, which ensures both current and future care. During the flowering and bolling period, topdressing should not be followed by compound fertilizer, but instead, urea, potassium sulfate, and other available fertilizers should be used to absorb and utilize the cotton as soon as possible.
Second, there are turbulence blocks to pay close attention to the roots of fertilization before the area with large rainfall, such as the soil there is a good sensation, should seize the time to carry out root fertilization, pay attention not to be applied between small rows. At present, most of the regions still use large and small rows of planting methods. In many areas, the row spacing is only 40 to 42 centimeters, and many farmers have not yet broken the film. Between the rows is the weakest place in the cotton root system. If the fertilizer is applied between the small rows, there is a slight carelessness. For example, if the fertilizer is large, the fertilizer is not uniform, the distance from the cotton tree is close, or the rain drops after application, It is easy to cause fertilizer damage to wilting cotton plants. In many areas, pre-emergence herbicides are used improperly or in large quantities, and the root system is even weaker, so it is strictly forbidden to fertilize between small rows. At the beginning of flowering, it is necessary to apply one line at the middle of the big line. Most farmers are worried that fertilizers that are too far away from the cotton plant are not going strong, and this worry is completely unnecessary. "Centralized fertilization" does not mean "near fertilization." According to observations made by the researchers, the depth of main roots in the initial flowering period of cotton has exceeded 1 meter, and the lateral extension of lateral roots has also exceeded 50 centimeters, and the extension rate of 0.5 to 1 centimeter can be maintained every day. Therefore, even if the fertilizer is applied in the middle of a one-meter-wide row, the cotton on both sides can be utilized; in addition, the cotton root has chemotaxis, where there is fertilizer, where the root system is more prosperous. And the better the topdressing, the better it is 10 cm or more, so that there will be less fertilizer loss, and it will also induce roots to lower.
Third, drought must be watered when the first fertilization after fertilization The author in the countryside to see many areas where farmers do not apply fertilizer when pouring cotton, but after the top dressing after watering, so that the exertion of fertilizer effect has been delayed for 5 to 7 days Once poured, the rain will be postponed for longer, and it will not be able to exert the combined effects of water and fertilizer. Therefore, when cotton is dry and watering during the flowering and boll season, fertilize before watering. If the land is already dry and cannot be applied to the root, it can be sprinkled with urea on the ground surface (like wheat top dressing). Urea is very soluble in water and has a solubility of 105% at 20°C, which is twice as high as ammonium sulfate and easily moves with water. Therefore, when the urea meets water, it dissolves into the water quickly and migrates with the water to the soil for use by the cotton root system. Although this method of surface preparation is a taboo for soil fatteners and cultivators, it is still a viable method when the watering and dryness of the land cannot be carried out, and this method of fertilization is simple, labor-saving, and has a good fertilizer effect. . Some people questioned that the cultivating loose soil after watering will cause the loss of urea in the upper layer of the soil, but in comparison, the benefits of this method of fertilizer and fertilizer combination far outweigh the disadvantages.
Fourth, can not be watered and can not be applied to the roots of the cotton field immediately spray fertilizer urea and potassium sulfate is the best leaf fertilizer fertilizer to supplement the nitrogen and potassium. The spraying concentration is 2%, and at least one kg of fertilizer is applied per acre at a time. Urea and potassium sulfate can be used alone, or they can be mixed or used interchangeably. Generally, potassium is applied after the first nitrogen. If mixed with pesticides, the amount of fertilizer can be properly reduced, the interval is shorter, and sprayed several times. If combined with chemical and chemical control, it should be based on chemical control. The cotton plant should be sprayed at a high level and sprayed at a low level.
Fish Protein Organic Foliar Fertilizer is a new type of foliar fertilizer, which is suitable for cotton application. It can not only provide a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element nutrition, but also improve the resistance of cotton, promote strong roots, and prolong the growth of strong trees. Function of leaf, prevention of premature aging and control of yellow wilt. When spraying cotton plant size and nutritional status, 50 to 100 ml per mu, flowering can be sprayed 3 times, 8 to 10 days. Other foliar fertilizers that have proven effective, reliable, and economical by the people can be applied.
Fifth, the high-yield cotton field bells also need to make up for the high-yield cotton, ultimately depends on the number of bells in the upper three fruit branches and bell quality. In addition to climate and pest influencing factors, nutrient supply still plays a decisive role. In the late cotton, the roots of the cotton are getting older and the absorption function is gradually declining. Adding the lower part of the bell consumes a large amount of available nutrients in the soil; and after the rainy season, the available nutrients in the soil are subject to a certain leaching loss, so the nutrient supply in the later period is generally satisfied. Can not rely on the needs of the upper bell, but also rely on foliar spray fertilizer to solve; especially in the case of the bell in the middle part of the case, the late spray fertilizer is more important.
Experience has shown that, for most cotton fields, the most nutritious elements in the latter period are still available potassium. The typical symptom of potassium deficiency is that the old leaves in the lower part turn yellow or red, and the veins remain green. Generally, the potassium-deficient cotton fields begin to show after August 10, especially in rainy years. Therefore, most of the cotton fields should be based on potassium supplements, and high-quality potassium sulfate is still the first choice for potassium spraying. Any other foliar fertilizer is not as potassium-rich as potassium sulfate, and the price is high. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a traditional foliar fertilizer for cotton, but because of its low potassium content, it is not suitable for potassium supplementation. General cotton fields should be sprayed with potassium sulfate 2 or 3 times in the middle and early August. If late in August and early September, cotton fields were found to be prematurely depleted due to severe potassium deficiency, it would be too late to add potassium.
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