Leeks are one of the most popular vegetable varieties that people enjoy throughout the year, and have always maintained a large area of ​​planting in northern China. In particular, the use of sheds to cultivate leeks, not only listed early, good quality, but also a small investment, high returns, cultivation techniques easy to grasp. However, in recent years, due to the improper management measures of some vegetable farmers and the non-standard use of pesticides, the pesticide residues in leek products have exceeded the standards, and the output and quality have declined year by year. In order to effectively implement the pollution-free production of leeks, the vegetable office of Zhangzhou City passed the comprehensive production demonstration in the demonstration area of ​​Huangtun leeks, analyzed and summarized the high-yield and high-quality standardized cultivation techniques of leeks, and established a ten thousand mu pollution-free leeks cultivation demonstration base. A good production effect has been achieved, and the following technical measures have mainly been taken in production management:
First, choose a suitable pollution-free leek planting base
The production base must have no three-waste pollution caused by large-scale industrial and mining enterprises. Second, the production base should be flat and well drained. In particular, the water quality is better, and water can not be used to water the vegetables to ensure that the production site meets the environmental conditions for the production of non-pollution leeks, and the quality of leeks products is high.
Second, use fine varieties
The cultivation of leeks cover should choose high-yield and high-quality varieties with strong tillering ability, good stress resistance, good leaf resistance, and good quality, such as Shouguang radix red, Ma Lianxuan, 791 and so on.
Third, the use of seed propagation in the production of seedlings transplanting methods, try to prevent the use of the parent plantation method
Through comparative observations in recent years, the growth potential of seed seedling transplanting, product quality, and yield advantages are obvious. 1. Put a good nursery off, cultivate strong seedlings
When sowing, choose new seeds with bright color and full grain. The seedbed for nursery plots must be well-drained, fertile, water-retentive, and organic-rich soil. During the site preparation, 6,000 m high-quality organic manure, 10 kg urea, and 40 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer should be applied for every 667 m2, and the soil should be sowed after plowing. It is planted every year from March 20th to April 10th, and sowing of dry seeds is used during sowing. Use 4 to 5 kg per 667 m2. When sowing, seek uniform, cover soil thickness 1 ~ 1.5 cm, timely watering after sowing, and then cover the plastic film to protect the seedlings, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, seedlings out in time to remove the film in time to prevent burning seedlings.
2. Strengthen seedling management
The focus of seedling management is watering and weeding. When leeks are unearthed, they should lightly pour water, and after the surface is white, they are poured with water. With the growth of seedlings, the watering days are gradually extended and the amount of watering is increased. When the height of the seedlings is 15 cm, water is applied in combination with 5 to 10 kg of urea per 667 m2. After the emergence of seedlings to be timely removal of weeds in order to facilitate leek growth, but also before the leek coating every 667 m2 with 33% Shi Tian cream oil 100 ~ 150 mL of water 50 kg evenly spray to control weeds.
3. Transplanting methods and management after cultivation
Southwest China is generally transplanted in the middle and late July. (For example, if the seedlings grow thin and small, they can be transplanted in the early spring of the second year.) When transplanting, a single deep-groove planting method is used to plant the seedlings before planting. Cut out the roots of the fibrous roots, leaving 2-3 cm long to promote the development of new roots, cut the leaves in half, and reduce the evaporation of leaf surface moisture. According to the spacing of 20 cm, the distance between the points is 15 cm, the depth of the furrow is about 15 cm, and 8 to 10 strains per hole are planted. After planting and pouring for 1 time, the depth of soil is not suitable for burying the lobe segments when planting, and the Weicao Ditch is 4-6 cm lower than the row after cultivation, in order to facilitate the high-yielding cultivation of the soil year by year and prevent the rooting from causing damage. Then loosen the soil in time for seedlings. When the leek grows to a height of 10-15 cm, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate is topdressed with 667 m2 of water for every 667 m2, and fertilizer is applied once every 20 d. After the beginning of autumn, the weather is cooler, and it is necessary to control the water in a timely manner. Before the soil is frozen, it should be poured over the winter water.
IV. Pushing forward the key technical measures to promote growth and early germination
The objective of covering the sheds with leeks is to promote early germination and raise the city's market so as to realize the high efficiency of seasonal differences. Three key measures have been adopted in the cultivation measures: First, the cultivation of the first year of leeks has been promoted without reaping. Management measures; Second, in the spring of harvesting in the second year of 2 to 3 knives, the harvested sorghum is no longer marketed in the summer. The purpose is to accumulate nutrients in the roots of sorghum to ensure that the early winter leeks have fast hair and good quality; the third is to implement the production of 4 to 5 After years of renewal, replanting and transplanting, only in this way can we continue to maintain the yield and quality advantages of leeks.
V. Early coverage
Before and after the frost falls, the temporal lobe gradually loses its physiological function. When the vegetative growth of the temporal lobe ceases to flow back toward the root and the bulb, the temporal lobe can be cut and the temporal surface can be cleaned. Before and after the beginning of winter, the foot poured over the winter water, and then the arch shed was built to cover the film insulation. The film had to use the special film for drip-free leek and the winter film should be kept clean to increase the light transmittance.
Six, increase organic fertilizer, timely watering
Spring: Within 1 to 2 days after leeks are cut, the soil in the pods will be loosened in time when the soil is wet, and 4 000 kg of compost will be applied every 667 m2 until the leeks are healed. When the new leaves grow, they can be sunny at noon. Timely watering. Summer: Shepherds must not be harvested at this time, but pay attention to field drainage to prevent flooding, generally do not apply fertilizer. Fall: The fertilizer and water in the early stage are promoted so that the stems and leaves can thrive and promote the conversion and reflux and storage of light and products. The later control of fertilizer and water ensures that the nutrients accumulated in bulbs and roots will not be consumed due to the gluttony of leeks, and will force the nutrients back to the bulbs and roots. In winter: when the winter film is covered with a large amount of water, apply 15 to 25 kg of urea per 667 m2. Afterwards, as the weather turns cold, do not pour in large amounts of water to prevent the growth of the leek due to low ground temperature.
VII. Strengthen Plant Summer and Autumn Management
Do not relax after the summer leeks are closed for their management, should promptly turn the sun to kill the eggs. The method is to use a wooden stick to stir up the loquat leaves to lie on one side of the line. After half a month, it is turned over on the other side of the line. This way, the sun is turned several times. In mid-October, the dry leaves are cut off and the crop is turned and fertilized. Protected area management.
Eight, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases
The production of pollution-free leeks, pest control is the key link, should be completely safe, efficient, low toxicity, low residual pesticides, strict control of medication time, effective dose, application and harvest safety interval. The main diseases and pests of leeks include maggots, gray mold, and diseases.
1.
(1) Adults use adulterants to kill adult worms using sweet and sour liquid. The method is to use sugar, vinegar, wine, water and 99% trichlorfon crystals in a ratio of 3:3:1:10:0.6 ratio solution, put 2 to 3 pots per 667 m2, add at any time, can be adult Start trapping. (2) Sticky killing adults: Heavier plots, especially protected areas, occur in adults, and can be killed by insects in the adult period. The method is to use 40 parts of atactic polypropylene tackifier and 60 parts of motor oil. Mix thoroughly and dissolve in a constant temperature water at 30 °C to make 40% of the glue. Apply on both sides of the armyworm board (40 cm30 cm). Thickness is 1mm. Field height is 45-65cm. 60 pieces are appropriate. (3) Control of nuisanceless chemicals: About 40 days before frost, 10% Chrysanthemum Emulsion 3000 times, 80% Dichlorvos 1000-2 000 times, or 50% phoxim EC 1 000 times are sprayed to prevent adult worms. , Spray 7 times every 7 days, even spray 2 or 3 times, focusing on spraying the root of chives. Can also use 48% Dioscorerin EC 300-400 mL per 667 m2 or 48% Loessben EC 400-500 mL per 500 kg of water, remove water from the sprayer with a kettle or sprayer.
2. Grey mold of leek
The shed must be ventilated and ventilated. When the onset occurs, 50% Sulfuron WP 1 000X, 50% acetaminophen WP 1 200X can be sprayed on the 2nd d after harvest, and even spray 2~ 3 times. It is also possible to fumigate 10% of the procymidone aerosol 250-300 g per 667 m2 in the arch.
3. Leek disease
At the beginning of the disease, 64% antiviral WP can be used 500 times, 72.2% Prokectin 600~800 times. After the leeks are sprayed, they are sprayed and sprayed every 5 days. They are sprayed 2 or 3 times.
Due to the short growing period of each leeks of leeks and the volatile oil contained in the leaves, they have strong adsorption to organophosphorus pesticides. Therefore, medication should be stopped 8 to 10 days before harvest.
9. Timely Harvest
In the year of planting, the emphasis was on raising the roots and strong seedlings, generally not harvesting. If there are chives, they should be promptly removed.
Harvest season
Harvesting is mainly in the spring and winter, and summer leeks are not harvested due to poor quality. Harvesting should be done at noon on sunny days. When harvesting, the knife edge is 2 to 4 cm away from the ground. It is advisable to cut the mouth yellow, and the cut should be neat and consistent.
2. Post-harvest management
After each harvest, the leek should be scratched again and the surrounding soil should be loosened. After 2 to 3 days, the leek wounds will heal. The new leaves will be topped with water and fertilizer, and 400 kg of organic fertilizer will be applied every 667 m2. 15 kg. From the 2nd year onwards, the leeks should be cultivated once a year to solve the problem of leeks rooting year by year.
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