1 Current Status of Chinese Duck Production The breeding industry of ducks and ducks is an important industry in China's agriculture. China is the world's largest duck breed, breeding, consumption, and trade. 1.1 China's duck breeds (lines) are numerous, totaling as many as 20. The most famous breeds of Shaoxing ducks (with 7 lines) and their supporting lines (including Jiangnan I, Jiangnan II, Baishi I, Qingchai I, and Qingchuang II) and Putian Black duck, Jinding duck, Juxian Ma duck, Liancheng white duck, Longyan duck, Jinyun duck, Enshi duck, and so on, its 500 days of egg production 240 to 329, total egg weight 15 ~ 22.5kg, egg production The egg ratio of 1:3 to 2.65. As the world’s largest duck country, the performance of duck breeds in China is extremely important. Many scientific research institutes, colleges, and animal husbandry production departments in China have carried out a lot of breeding work on the best duck breeds in China, such as Shaoxing Duck, Jinding Duck, and Putian Black Duck. Take Shaoxing Duck as an example. Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Animal husbandry and veterinary research institutes and other units lasted more than 20 years from the “6th Five-year Plan†to the “10th Five-Year Plan†and based on the resources of the excellent local breeds of ducks and ducks, through repeated cross-breeding breeding, family generation selection and hybridization combining ability determination. Biochemical genetic marker breeding and other means have developed a series of supporting systems in Shaoxing Duck. In 1992, the White Shell Eggs Jiangnan No. 1 and Jiangnan No. II with high yield, low consumption, and strong disease resistance were bred. As a feature, Jiangnan II is characterized by a high yield of 1). Later, with the Jiangnan I and Jiangnan II as the basis, the ternary hybrid system was selected for breeding. In 1997, it was bred for higher production performance and environmental adaptability. Stronger and better commercial duck eggs, green shell I and white shell I (Green Shell I cold and drought resistant ability to adapt to the northern and western regions of the climatic environment and the demand for blue shell eggs; white Shell I It is suitable for the warm and watery environment in South China. Its production performance is 320 eggs for 500 days, the average weight of eggs is 22kg, and the average ratio of eggs for the production of eggs is 1:2.70. In 2001, a high-yielding duck was newly developed. The strain, Green Shell II, has a green shell rate of 90.23%, an egg production of 5009.0 eggs for 329.0 eggs, a total egg weight of 22.1 kg, an egg-laying ratio of 1:2.62 during the laying period, and a 99.0 % survival rate during the laying period. The above production performance was identified as the leading international level at that time. 1.2 In terms of quantity, according to statistics, China's annual rearing capacity is about 300 million feathers, which exceeds the sum of the amount of breeding in countries around the world except China. Ducks in China traditionally have the largest amount of rearing in the southeastern provinces, especially eastern China (this is still the case). The amount of rearing in central, southern, and southwest China is also very large. Currently, North China, Northeast China, and Northwest China are rich in feed resources. The volume is also leaps and bounds. The proportion of duck eggs produced by our country also ranks first in the world. In some provinces and cities such as Shanghai, the output of poultry eggs in 1999 was 162,000 tons, including 92,800 tons of duck eggs, accounting for 57.2% of the total output of poultry eggs, and Guangdong poultry. Total egg production is 335,600 tons, and duck egg production is 123,000 tons accounting for 37% of total egg production. The proportion of duck eggs in the total output of poultry eggs in Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu provinces is also high, about 25%. 1.3 The production of ducks and ducks has embarked on a mode of moderate scale development at different levels. At present, the vast majority of farmers in China have 500-5000 breeding scales, which are more suitable for the comprehensive economic ability and management level of most farmers; large company scale Between 130,000 and 300,000, through the company's model of adding farmers, the largest scale can be controlled to 1 million, and the scale benefit is more significant; in the area where ducks and ducks are dense, the amount of breeding in one village in some areas can reach 1 million. The market effect is formed, and the various services surrounding duck production are relatively complete, including feed veterinary drug supply, duck egg acquisition and processing, full-scale technical services, duck production equipment, and even fish and duck polyculture. In these areas, duck farming has become a pillar industry in the region and has driven the development of the regional economy. 1.4 China is the largest consumer and trading country of duck eggs. China produces about 3 million tons of duck eggs each year, and about 2.5 kilograms per capita. It is the world’s No. 1 in terms of total and per capita levels. Duck trade mainly in the country, the overall flow from south to north, from east to west. The majority of duck egg consumption is based on egg production (including preserved eggs, salted eggs, bad eggs, salted egg yolk, etc.) and is a traditional food for urban and rural residents. It not only increases the added value of the product, but also extends the shelf life, while the duck eggs are cool. Sex food, therefore, the price of duck eggs is about 20% higher than that of eggs, which improves the economic efficiency of the duck and duck industry. The annual export of duck eggs in China is about 50,000 tons. Although it ranks first in the world, it is not commensurate with the total output. In order to occupy and dominate the international market after China's accession to the WTO, there will be a lot of work to be done. 2. The development trend of duck and duck production 2.1 In a considerable period of time in the future, the production of ducks in China is a period of great development, although there will be fluctuations in local areas and local periods. This judgment is based on the following reasons: 2.1.1 After China's accession to the WTO, it will bring a historic development opportunity for the duck and duck industry: duck egg products (pickled eggs, salted eggs, bad eggs, etc.) are the traditional bulk export products of China. The volume of export trade ranks first in the world. In recent years, the annual export volume of duck egg processing products in China has reached 50,000 tons. There are huge markets in the Chinese communities in Europe, America, Southeast Asia, and in Hong Kong, Australia, and Taiwan. After China’s accession to the WTO, export volumes will increase significantly due to the elimination of various tariff and non-tariff barriers. . In the future, it will be one of the important livestock species for our country to enter the international market. 2.1.2 Product quality, in line with current and future consumer trends: Ducks and ducks generally have the characteristics of strong disease resistance and resistance to rough feeding. No need to add antibiotics and chemical synthetic drug additives in compound feeds during the production period, so duck eggs It is safer green food; duck eggs and duck meat are cold foods in Chinese medicine, have certain health care functions, and are unique in flavor, and are favored by consumers. Duck egg consumption is mainly achieved through processing into salted eggs, preserved eggs, etc. This increases the added value and extends the shelf life, which not only greatly improves the ability to withstand market risks, but also maintains the product's quality for a longer period of time. 2.1.3 With the development of the western region, the breeding area for laying ducks will expand by leaps and sharps: Although our country has a vast territory with different natural, economic and social conditions, most regions have a tradition of consuming duck eggs and their products. . At present, the western and northern regions of China mainly import duck egg products from East China (especially Zhejiang Province, which is the largest province of duck egg products, ducklings, and ducks), while the latter imports a large amount of feed resources to the former. This model has increased. Two-way transportation costs and loss on the way (including damage and freshness of eggs). With the implementation of China's western development, the model of variable output of raw materials introduced in the western region is the introduction of good breeds of ducks and ducks, supporting technologies, and local transformation and development models, which can greatly increase the income of western farmers and the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. The development of the western duck raising industry urgently requires the leaping of duck raising technology from the east to the west. 2.1.4 Breeding of ducks and ducks is conducive to the protection of the ecological environment and the promotion of sustainable agricultural development. In recent years, disaster relief has caused damage to some local agricultural ecological environments. The activities of ducks and ducks have been particularly strong, and they have bred ducks and ducks in flood-stricken areas. Each adult duck can prey on about 200 aphids each day, which not only solves part of high-quality protein feed, but also effectively kills aphids. The grazing of ducks and ducks on the orchards, farmland, and mixed land can remove insects, weeds, cultivators, and fertilize fertilizers. It can greatly reduce the use of insecticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers, effectively improve the soil structure, and protect the ecological environment. . When fish and duck are polycultured, each duck is a small aerator when playing in fish ponds. Duck droppings are directly fed with fish and water. Various resources can be fully utilized and environmental pollution can be reduced. 2.2 The use of supporting systems in duck production will gradually increase. At present, the production is still based on a single local breed, and the production performance is relatively backward (compared with chickens). In the future, the production will be gradually based on the characteristics of various regions, using a variety of specialized strains to carry out matching or economical hybridization to speed up genetic resources. Use. The basic model used is to use the parent species of the local breed and introduce the breed with the target trait as the parent to carry out the hybridization and utilization.
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