Fatty acids other than saturated fatty acids (saturated fatty acids that do not contain double bonds, and all animal oils are saturated fatty acids) are unsaturated fatty acids.
Unsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids that make up the body's fat, and essential fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are classified into monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids according to the number of double bonds. In food fat, monounsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids include linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid. The human body cannot synthesize linoleic acid and linolenic acid and must be supplemented from the diet. According to the position and function of the double bond, the polyunsaturated fatty acids are divided into omega-6 series and omega-3 series. Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid belong to the omega-6 series, and linolenic acid, DHA, and EPA belong to the omega-3 series.
The role of unsaturated fatty acids
1. Regulate blood lipids
Danish scientists have studied and compared the relationship between food and blood components. They found that Eskimos, which use fish as their main food, have large amounts of fat and a small amount of vegetables. However, Eskimos rarely suffer from cardiovascular diseases. The reason is that the content of fish oil in their food is extremely high.
High blood lipids lead to high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, heart disease, cerebral thrombosis, stroke and other diseases, the main components of fish oil in the EPA and DHA, can reduce the blood harmful to human cholesterol and triglycerides; can effectively control the human body The concentration of blood lipids; and increase the content of high-density lipoprotein beneficial to human body. Maintaining low blood lipid levels plays a key role in maintaining good health, preventing cardiovascular disease, and improving endocrine secretion.
2. Clear the thrombus
Deep-sea fish oil supplemented with diet can promote the metabolism of saturated fatty acids in the body, reduce and eliminate the harm to the human body from animal fats (mainly from fatty meats, dairy products, etc.), prevent fat deposition in the blood vessel wall, and inhibit atherosclerosis. Formation and development, enhance the elasticity and toughness of blood vessels. Reduces blood viscosity and enhances the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. The EPA in fish oil also has the function of preventing platelet adhesion and aggregation, so it can effectively prevent the formation of thrombus and prevent stroke.
3. Immune regulation
Supplement EPA, DHA. It can enhance the body's immune system and improve the ability of its own immune system to overcome cancer cells. Japanese studies have found that DHA in fish oil can induce cancer cells to "suicide."
According to relevant data, fish oil has a very significant role in preventing and inhibiting breast cancer.
Omega-3 series of unsaturated fatty acids can be used to coordinate the body's own immune system, in the United Kingdom, the United States and some developed countries, deep-sea fish oil is also used to help treat diabetes, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus disease. Deep-sea fish oil also has special effects on allergic diseases, local gastroenteritis and skin disorders.
4. Maintain the retina to improve vision
DHA is an important part of the retina, accounting for about 40 to 50%. The supplement of sufficient DHA is helpful for activating declining retinal cells, and it is useful for treating fatigue caused by excessive eyes, age-related vertigo, blurred vision, glaucoma, and cataracts.
DHA also provides the nutrients needed by the optic nerve and prevents visual impairment.
5. Bunao brain
DHA is an indispensable material basis for the development and movement of brain cells. People's memory and thinking functions depend on DHA to maintain and improve.
Supplemental DHA can promote the full development of brain cells, delay the decline of intelligence, forgetfulness and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease).
6. Improve arthritis symptoms to relieve pain
Omega-3 series of unsaturated fatty acids can assist in the formation of lubricant in the joint cavity, improve the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial ability of leukocytes in the body, reduce arthritis symptoms, lubricate joints, and relieve pain.
All healthy people need to eat a certain amount of fat in their diet to maintain their various body functions. Long-term intake of large amounts of fat can cause health hazards. In general, healthy adults, the intake of calories from high fat foods should not exceed the total calorie intake
30%. Of these 30%, the intake of calories from foods with higher saturated fat content should not exceed 15%.
Actually, there are unsaturated oils in safflower oil, walnut oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, glycerin, olive oil, and tea oil (unsaturated fatty acids are up to 90% higher than olive oil called liquid gold). fatty acid.
Maternal needs for them
Alpha-linolenic acid can increase the brain development and brain function of fetal infants, enhance the function of brain cells, and promote the normal development of human brain. Pregnant women can ingest full amount of alpha-linolenic acid, and fetal brain neurons develop well and have strong functions. The baby's brain glial cells are numerous and grow well.
Alpha-linolenic acid can enhance fetal infant vision. Alpha-linolenic acid also affects the optic nerves. Experiments have shown that α-linolenic acid intake is low, and abnormalities in the detection of retinal images may occur. In the absence of alpha-linolenic acid in maternal or postnatal infants, the DHA content of the retinal phospholipid in the infant's retina is reduced by one-half and the brain gray matter is reduced by 1/4, making the infant's vision significantly reduced, which will affect future vision.
Alpha-linolenic acid can promote the function and development of fetal infants, especially for stunted fetuses and premature infants, which can promote their functional development to a normal level, and also have an important influence on maternal postpartum body shape.
VIII. It has a certain therapeutic effect on malignant tumors and its cachexia 1 Inhibition of pro-inflammatory and pro-proliferative substances Synthesis: omega-3
PUFA inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the pro-inflammatory effects of arachidonic acid derivatives and promotes cell proliferation. It can reduce the expression of COX-2 by inhibiting NF-kappaB, and it also reduces other NF-KB induced The role of cytokines in the promotion of tumor cells.
2 Regulation of Oncogene Expression to Inhibit Tumor Cell Growth: Omega-3 fatty acids can affect gene expression and signal transduction by reducing the activity of tumor transcription factors ras and AP1.
3 repair of apoptosis: Omega 3 fatty acids promote tumor cell apoptosis possible mechanisms include changes in cell biofilm characteristics, start lipid peroxidation, affect the signaling pathway, change the gene protein and block cell cycle, etc. Causes the death of tumor cells. Omega-3
The functional apoptosis of PUFA repair cells is through the down-regulation of NF-κB, which in turn down-regulates the expression of COX2 and the expression of Bcl-2 family genes.
4 inhibition of tumor angiogenesis: omega-3 PUFA can be achieved by changing the prostaglandin products and inhibition of protein kinase C to achieve inhibition of tumor neovascularization;
5 mediates tumor cell differentiation: Previous studies have shown that omega-3 PUFAs can cause differentiation of breast cancer cells. Studies have found that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can interfere with PIF activation of NF-κB and protein degradation, thereby reversing skeletal muscle depletion. Clinical studies confirm that omega-3
PUFA can increase the lean tissue mass of pancreatic patients and improve the quality of life.
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