In 2015, advances in technology will once again transform the world in a profound way, from Ebola drugs to virtual reality, from the commercial "space fortress" to the robotic open source revolution, where the top ten most noteworthy technological developments will be presented.
The arrival of the era of offshore wind power
This year, when staff began installing high-voltage cables in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, they were actually laying the groundwork for a new era of renewable energy. From the end of 2016, these cables will transfer electricity from New York, the first offshore wind farm in the United States, CapeW ind. Its 130 giant turbine generators will meet 75 percent of the electricity needs of 250,000 New England residents – saving them about $7.2 billion over 25 years later.
US wind farms currently have a capacity of 61 billion watts, but most are located in the middle of the country, away from densely populated coastal areas. However, according to energy consultant Bruce Hamilton, by 2020, from Maine to Texas, the new offshore wind farm project in the United States will provide an additional 3 billion watts of electricity, enough to power more than 2 million homes. In terms of the development of offshore wind power projects, the United States has fallen behind the United Kingdom, Denmark and other countries for 10 years. But this situation may change, Hamilton said: "The success of 'Wind's Corner' will be a signal to the energy industry: offshore wind power (the era) has arrived."
The turning point of the Ebola crisis
In December 2013, a toddler in Guinea began to have a fever and vomiting. A few days later, he died. Soon, his sisters, mothers and grandmothers also fell ill and died. Scientists believe that these deaths mark the outbreak of the worst Ebola outbreak in history. As of November 9, 2014, a total of 14098 people were infected and 5,160 people died, the vast majority of them in West Africa.
But 2015 may represent a turning point. "This time (the pandemic) will drive everyone to develop vaccines or drugs as soon as possible," said Ian McKay, a virologist at the University of Queensland, Australia. Shortly before the press release, researchers have just launched clinical trials of two major Ebola experimental drugs, brincidofovir and favipiravir, at a treatment center in West Africa.
The Assistant Director-General of the World Health Organization, Mary Pauli Gini, said that the two trials of the Ebola vaccine are also expected to reach the West African medical workers as soon as possible in January 2015. One of the vaccines was developed by the pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline, which uses the chimpanzee cold virus as a carrier to deliver the genetic material of two Ebola viruses (Sudan strain and Zaire strain) into the body. After the vaccine is injected, the two genes produce a protein that activates the body's immune system against the virus. Another vaccine, manufactured by New Link Genetics of Iowa, contains a modified livestock pathogen that contains an Ebola virus gene.
Because so many lives are at stake, the development process, which usually lasts for years, is now compressed for months. Peter Holtz, dean of the National College of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine in the United States, pointed out that although the incidence rate has declined in some areas, "we see the number of cases of rapid expansion every week." No one can guarantee that these drugs that are effective in animals can also work in humans, but for most patients, there is better than nothing, they bring hope.
Ultra-fast data transmission accelerates scientific development
When the Large Hadron Collider (LH C) returns to the line this spring, it will generate more data than ever before – 40 gigabytes per year. This surge reflects a trend in science: increasingly sophisticated instruments produce ever-increasing amounts of data.
This is a good question, but it is still a problem, especially for scientists who are separated from important equipment such as the Large Hadron Collider. Massive files in ultra-high-speed fiber-optic networks—such as the US Department of Energy's 100-gigabit US Energy Network (ESnet)—can be transmitted at rocket speeds, but as soon as a slow underwater cable is encountered bottleneck. However, by the end of January 2015, the US Energy Network's transatlantic data transmission will provide 340 gigabits for laboratories in the US and Europe, which will change the pace of global cooperation.
"The US Energy Network" director Grieg Bell said: "The most difficult problem of feeling (data transmission) is not the physics community, but the climate science and genomics circles - there are a large number of teams around the world. Work. And our job is to make geography (distance) irrelevant."
Explore the secrets of unraveling the dwarf planet
For the first time in history, humans will explore two new planets in the same year. The “new†here refers not only to the fact that the previous detectors have not been reached, but also to the new type (in the planets that human exploration touches). Both Pluto and Ceres belong to dwarf planets, and their study will be the key to understanding the formation and evolution of the solar system.
In March 2015, NASA's "Dawn" spacecraft will arrive at Ceres, a different kind in the asteroid belt, and begin to orbit the Ceres. The dwarf planet is about 590 miles in diameter and weighs one-third of the total weight of other asteroids in the asteroid belt. It was born about 4.6 billion years ago in the early days of the solar system. Studies have shown that there are clay minerals and frost on the surface of Ceres, wrapped in a thin atmosphere, and perhaps an underground ocean.
More discoveries need to wait until July when the New Horizons probe flies over Pluto. Pluto is 1,440 miles in diameter and is the largest known celestial body in the Kuiper Belt. The Kuiper Belt is a hollow disc-shaped area of ​​the solar system near the ecliptic plane outside the orbit of Neptune, which is full of frozen rocks. Research over the years has given humans some basic details: Pluto has five known satellites, one of which is half the size of Pluto. Pluto's orbit is very special and the surface climate is extreme.
But in most cases, we don't know what to find. The "New Horizon" entered the Kuiper Belt and was an expedition to the unknown.
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