Atractylodes is mainly distributed in mountainous wetlands such as Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou in China. The main medicine is root rhizome, which has the functions of dampness and spleen, solid table antiperspirant and immune enhancement. Its cultivation is like a cool climate, afraid of high temperature, and is more resistant to cold. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of Atractylodes.
First, cultivation methods
1. Selection of seedlings
(1) Selection: Identify the true and false seeds. The new seeds of Atractylodes Rhizome are reddish and have fluff, the surface is shiny, the section is clear, and the middle bud has a pink line.
(2) Seedling soaking seeds, the seeds are first immersed in warm water at 25 ~ 30 °C for a day and night. Seedlings can be spring and autumn, seedlings in the first year, transplanted the following year. Spring sowing is suitable for planting at a temperature above 12 °C from late March to mid-April. Horizontally grooved and sown on the flattened and thin surface, the line spacing is 15-20 cm, the broadcast width is 7-10 cm, the ditch depth is 3~5 cm, and the bottom of the ditch is flat. The selected seeds are then immersed in a 50% solution of methyl thiophanate 1000 times for 3 to 5 minutes to prevent iron leaf disease. Mix the dried seeds with the sand and sprinkle them into the ditch. Use your feet to cover the grass and ash. If you don't see the seeds, remove a layer of superphosphate or cake fertilizer and cover the soil. Cover it with a layer. The grass is moisturized and moisturized to facilitate seed emergence and is removed after emergence. The amount of seed used per mu is 5~8 kg, and the height of 1 mu can be transplanted to 7 mu of field. If you order on demand, the line spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 10 cm, the depth of the hole is 3~5 cm, and the seed of each hole is 3, and the seedling can be emerged in about 7 days.
(3) Management of seedling stage: After the seedlings are released, weeding and weeding, so that there is no weed in the field and the soil is not knotted. When the seedling height is 7 cm, the seedlings are fixed at a plant spacing of 3 to 5 cm. Seedlings are afraid of waterlogging and fear of drought, and irrigation and drainage should be timely. The first top dressing in 2~3 true leaves; the second top dressing in the underground rhizome expansion in early July, using 500~800 kg of manure per acre, and removing the flower buds as early as possible in the late growth stage to promote root growth.
2, storage methods: in order to safely winter, the seedlings must be dug up and stored. In the middle of October of the year from the middle of October to the beginning of November, when picking up the dry soil, pick up the seedlings, shake off the soil, remove the sick and weak seedlings and the damaged seedlings, spread them in a ventilated place, and store them in a ventilated place to avoid the occurrence of mildew. .
(1) Storage of tanks: A small amount of seedlings can be stored in tanks for winter. Insert a straw in the middle of the container to dissipate heat. The bottom and the four walls are first covered with a layer of green pine leaves, and then the atractylodes seedlings are covered with green pine leaves or dried moss. After the yellow leaves are yellow, they are replaced in time to maintain sufficient moisture. .
(2) Sand storage method: This method can be used when the amount is large. In a cool and ventilated room, first use bricks or stones to form a square wall, then lay 3~4 cm thick fine sand on the mud land, and lay the seedlings together, that is, a layer of seedlings, a layer of sand, every 0.6~ Insert 1 grass handle in 1 meter. When piled up to 35 cm high, cover 7 cm thick sand or clay cap and put cedar thorns on it to prevent rodents. When the winter temperature is low, add a layer of straw. Sand should be moderately wet, check every 15~30 days, and remove the diseased seedlings in time.
(3) Wintering on the spot: The white-spotted seedlings that are planted in autumn can be covered with hay or decidua, and winter on the spot. The next year, the spring will be planted with the digging.
3, field cultivation technology
(1) Select seedlings: The top buds should be full, the roots are developed, the epidermis is tender, the tops are slender, and the rhizomes with large tails are seeded, sorted by size, and planted separately, so that the seedlings can be neat, easy to manage, and increase yield. .
(2) Planting time: The transplanting period should be determined according to the local climate, soil and farming system. From the end of December to the beginning of April. It is better to plant early, the first roots of the early planting, the long buds, the roots are developed, the growth is strong, the cold resistance, drought resistance is strong, and the yield is high. The planting is too late, due to the increase in temperature, the first bud, the long root, the root system is poorly developed, and the yield is low.
(3) Planting methods: there are cave plants and strips. Planting density depends on soil fertility and fertilizer conditions. Proper planting can increase production. The basic seedlings per acre are 8,000 to 15,000 plants, 40 to 60 kilograms of seedlings, 23 to 26 centimeters in row spacing, 13 to 16 centimeters in plant spacing, and 7 cm deep. The manure is applied first. After the seed is dried, the seedlings are placed in the hole, so that the bud head is upward, the roots are stretched, and the soil is buried, and the top bud is 3.5 cm away from the soil surface. Buried too shallow and susceptible to freezing damage, there are many buds, the shape is not good; on the contrary, the buried soil is too deep, the germination is slow, the soil is difficult to excavate, the shape is slender, and the quality is also poor.
Second, field management technology
1, cultivating and weeding: After the emergence of Atractylodes chinensis, weeding should be done, weeding, shallow soil, and no weeds in the field. After the plants were closed in mid-May, only weeding and no tillage were carried out. It is not advisable to weed in the morning when the dew is not dry, otherwise it is easy to infect the disease.
2, top dressing, Atractylodes growth period is long, for 220 ~ 240 days, in addition to the application of base fertilizer before planting, but also topdressing 3 times, the first time in early April, Atractylodes chinensis part of the fertility period, 800 kg per mu of manure; In the second half of May, 500 kg of manure water per mu was applied; the third time from mid-August to late September, 2000 kg of manure water per mu and 100 kg of cake fertilizer. In addition, spraying the foliar fertilizer with 1% superphosphate solution for more than 40 days before the excavation of Atractylodes can increase the yield, spray once every 10 days, and spray a total of 2 to 3 times. In short, we must master the principle of “applying the base fertilizer, applying the seedling fertilizer early, and applying the bud fertilizerâ€.
3, irrigation and drainage, atractylodes are afraid of cockroaches, soil moisture is too large, easy to develop. During the rainy season from April to June, the trenches shall be cleaned in time to prevent flooding. After 8 months, the rhizome rapidly expanded. Sufficient water is needed, and water should be watered in case of drought to ensure water supply.
4, picking buds, removing flower buds, reducing nutrient consumption, promoting nutrients concentrated in the roots of Atractylodes sinensis in July, mid-August to early August, but not yet open, divided into 3 to 4 batches. The action should be light, hold the stem in one hand and pick the bud in one hand. Rainy days or dew can't be picked up to prevent disease intrusion. It is advisable to choose plants that grow robust, have large leaves and few branches, and leave 5 to 6 large flower buds on the top, and the remaining buds are removed. In early November, when the leaves at the base of the plant were yellow. When the crown is exposed, the whole plant is harvested. After removing the roots and medicinal materials, they are tied into small pieces, placed in a cool and ventilated place, and dried. The threshing is removed every 1 month, and the impurities are cleaned and dried for 1 to 2 days. Store in a dry place.
Third, pest control
1, blight disease: commonly known as "bad stems", spring low temperature and rain is easy to disease, the choice of sandy loam can reduce the risk of this disease.
2, iron leaf disease: the leaves die, 6 to 8 months for the onset of the disease, high temperature and high humidity is serious. Control method.
(1) Soak seeds with 50% methyl thiophanate 1000 times solution for 3 to 5 minutes before sowing.
(2) 40% in the early stage of the disease, 500 times of Dou Lingling agent or 65% of zinc, 500 times of liquid or 1: 1: 100 times of Bordeaux mixture, once every 7 to 10 days, even spray 3 ~ 4 times.
(3) Remove the diseased plants at the beginning of the disease, clean the garden in time after the harvesting of Baizhu, and burn the leaves of the residual plants.
3, Atractylodes long tube 蚜: starting in March, severe damage from April to June, buds suck leaf juice, yellow leaves, plant atrophy. Control methods: (1) Use 40% Dongguo emulsion 1500 times solution, once every 7 days, even spray 2 to 3 times (2) to remove weeds on the ground, reduce the more insects.
4, Atractylodes sinensis: from late August to early November, the larvae damage the Atractylodes seeds. Control methods: (1) Spray 50% dichlorvos 800 times liquid at the initial flowering stage, once every 7 days, even spray 3 to 4 times (2) In addition to deep-turning the land in winter, freeze and weather, eliminate the wintering insects.
Fourth, harvesting and processing
1. Harvesting period: from the end of October to the middle of November of the year of planting, when the stems turn from green to brown to brown. Choose the sunny day to dig up the whole plant, shake off the soil, cut off the stem, and leave the rhizome, which is atractylodes. Let Ye Miandong go to the impurities and dry it, which is the Baizhu seedlings.
2, processing: Atractylodes should be processed immediately after excavation. Do not accumulate and expose to prevent heat, buds and oil. The processing method is drying and drying. Dried atractylodes are called sunburn, sun exposure for 15 to 20 days, until dry. Drying atractylodes is called baking. The baking firepower should not be too strong, and the temperature is 50 °C so that it is not suitable for hot hands. After baking for 4 to 6 hours, turn it up and down once, so that the upper and lower sides are heated evenly, the fine roots are naturally detached, and when it is dried to 80% dry, it is taken out for 5 to 6 days to make the internal water extravasive, the skin becomes soft, and then dried. Just fine. It is better to have a large, weight, no hollow, white cross section. Packed in bamboo shackles, jacketed sacks, stored in a cool, ventilated place to prevent insects, rodents and oil mold. About 800 kilograms of fresh herbs are produced per mu, equivalent to 250 kilograms of dry goods.
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