Soilless cultivation technique of watermelon in greenhouse

It is difficult to maintain water and fertilizer on sandy beaches, and ordinary planting methods cannot achieve good economic benefits. Although it is a good way to spend manpower and material resources to improve the soil, it is inevitable that soil and water will be eroded with rain. Therefore, you can choose another planting method-soilless cultivation. Because it is not restricted by the natural conditions such as the site, various places can make full use of local cheap natural resources and adapt to local conditions. The following editor will introduce the soilless cultivation technology of watermelon in the greenhouse:

1. Variety selection

The early maturing cultivation in the greenhouse should select varieties with fast growth, strong branching ability, low temperature resistance, low light resistance, disease resistance and high yield, easy fruit setting, such as Qinghongbao series, Fengshou No. 2, Wanza No. 3, Zheng Za No. 5 Wait.

2. Construction of sheds for land preparation The beach wasteland is ploughed 30 cm deep, weeds are removed and leveled, and the shed is grilled 15-20 days in advance. The plastic shed is built at 6m × 50m, and it should be oriented from north to south to facilitate uniform light reception. The ridges are ditched and ridged at 1 meter intervals, with a ridge height of 10-20 cm and a width of 40-60 cm, for a total of 6 ridges. Lay the drip irrigation pipe on the ridge. The drip irrigation pipe is made of black double-hole drip irrigation tape with a hole distance of 30 cm (supplied by Beijing Zhentai Horticultural Facilities Company) and connected to the main pipeline. Then lay the ultra-fine mulch on the ridge, the film width is 2 meters, 2 ridges per frame, a total of 3, flattened. In order to reduce the difficulty of setting up watermelon in the later stage of the greenhouse, before the watermelon is planted, walk along the greenhouse in the shed. At the 1.6-2.0 meters above the ridge, draw 6 thin iron wires, fix the two ends, and use 10-12 every few meters in the middle. No. iron wire is fixed on the shed pole horizontally to prepare for water-bearing when hanging watermelon.

3. Sowing seedlings

1. Germination is usually carried out locally in the small arch shed or Yangqi from late February to early March. Before raising seedlings, first remove the watermelon seeds, soak them in warm water at 20-30 ° C for 6-12 hours, take out and add a small amount of fine sand, rub it gently, wash away the sticky materials, then soak a cotton cloth or towel and wring out to flatten, watermelon The seeds are laid on 1-3 layers, folded around and rolled into a tube shape, first germinated at 37 ℃ for 4-6 hours, and then placed at a temperature of 30-35 ℃ to germinate at a constant temperature, turned over and washed with warm water 1-2 times every day. Seeds with buds longer than 0.5 cm are picked out and stored in a damp cloth. Generally, buds can be produced after 24-48 hours.

2. Nursery

(This method uses soilless seedlings) Wet the clean river sand (1-2 mm in diameter) with fresh water and put it into a large plastic seedling bag (or bowl), and press the watermelon seeds that have been buds into each bag ( Bowl) 1 seed is sowed in a bag (bowl), and then covered with about 1 cm of river sand, and placed neatly in a small arch shed or Yangqi seedlings. The temperature is maintained at 25-30 ° C during the day and not lower than 15 ° C at night. When it is higher than 35 ℃, ventilate and humidify. After the seedlings are kept, they are maintained at 20-25 ° C during the day. According to the growth conditions at the seedling stage, spray 0.5 times the concentration of nutrient solution or water with a watering can to keep the seedling bag (bowl) dry and wet. The seedling age is 30-40 days, and the value can be determined when the seedling grows to three leaves or one heart. Before planting, relax the temperature management conditions in the shed so that the seedlings can adapt to the growth environment of the shed.

4. The period of planting and planting should be around Qingming Festival, when the ground temperature is stable above 12 ℃, about the end of March to mid-April, choose cold-tailed warm head or clear day planting. When planting, first dig a certain planting hole in the plastic film, bury the Miaotuo, the depth is the same as the Miaotuo height, and then use the nutrient solution to fill the root water. It is planted according to the plant spacing of 50 cm, and about 1,200 seedlings are protected per mu. Seal the shed for a few days after planting and maintain a higher shed temperature to promote seedling rooting. Soilless cultivation does not require water control "squat seedlings", when seedlings are short of water, drip irrigation pipes can be used to supplement small water to solve.

5. Nutrient solution management

It is difficult to store water and fertilizer on the beach, and the nutrient solution should be supplied quantitatively in batches. Under normal circumstances, 0.5-1 litres per plant per day at the seedling stage, 1-2 times liquid supply, and then gradually grow to 1-2 litres per plant per day, 2-4 times liquid supply as the plant grows to flowering. Especially under the condition of high temperature on a sunny day, the liquid supply should not be too small. When the liquid supply is increased, the concentration of the nutrient solution can be appropriately reduced. The liquid supply is usually carried out before 11 o'clock in the morning and after 3 o'clock in the afternoon. In rainy weather and at night, there is generally no or little liquid supply. The nutrient solution is not recovered. Therefore, after 7-10 days, water should be used to wash away the salt in the cultivation substrate. In early spring, due to the low temperature and liquid temperature, the nutrient solution should be warmed up to maintain it above 18 ℃ and below 28 ℃ to ensure the normal growth of the seedling root system (see the attached table for nutrient solution formula).

6. Management in the shed

1. Keep the temperature in the temperature management shed at 25-35 ℃ on sunny days and not less than 15 ℃ at night. The temperature management conditions can be appropriately reduced in rainy weather. In early spring, the beach is cold and the temperature difference between day and night is large, so be prepared for cold. If the seedlings grow long, it can be controlled by reducing the shed temperature or reducing the concentration of nutrient solution or increasing the concentration of potassium in nutrient solution.

2. Hanging vines When seedlings grow more than 50 cm, use anti-aging special hanging ropes to hang the vines. One end of the sling is wrapped around the vines first, and the other end is fixed on the wire in the shed, and a knot is tied to facilitate the late drop of seedlings.

3. Pruning

Greenhouse watermelon generally adopts "one main, one pair" double-vine pruning method. After the main vine is stretched out, choose a strong side branch at the base of the stem as the auxiliary vine, and wrap the hanging vine separately, and the remaining side branches and side buds are all beaten. Leave the fruit set on the 2-3 female flowers of the main vine, and prepare the 2-3 female flowers of the side vine.

4. Artificial pollination and melon retention

In the greenhouse, especially in early spring, there are few insects and artificial pollination is required. Otherwise, it is not easy to bear fruit. When the 2-3th female flower of the main vine is open, you should choose the well-developed, pollen-footed male flower that was opened before 10 o'clock that day, remove the petals, and gently dip the stigmas of the female flowers a few times. Pollination mark. When the melon grows to the size of a ping pong ball, it means that the melon has been seated. At this time, choose a melon with normal development between 6-14 leaves, and the rest are all thinned out, leaving only one melon per plant to facilitate early maturity. And leave the vines of the fruit sitting on the back of the melon, leave 2-3 leaves to pinch the tip, no longer hang the vine and let it grow freely downward, so that the melon naturally falls back on the ridge (this does not need to hang or hold melon Cumbersome procedures), to avoid the phenomenon of falling seedlings. The other main vine continues to grow upside down, pinch the tip when it reaches 1.6-2 meters, and remove the old and defective leaves in time to facilitate ventilation. When the watermelon is about to grow, turn the melon 1 time, turn the negative side to the positive side to make the melon evenly colored.

5. Disease and pest control

Pay attention to the prevention of diseases and insect pests. The main diseases are Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, anthracnose, and epidemic diseases. Fusarium wilt can be prevented by increasing the concentration of calcium nitrate in the nutrient solution, or controlled by grafting; powdery mildew is controlled with powder rusting 1000 times solution. Insect pests are mainly melon aphid, greenhouse whitefly and so on. It can be sprayed with 20% quick-killing 2000-3000 times liquid or 2.5% Uranus emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times liquid.

7. Harvesting

The watermelon in the greenhouse can be matured after 30-35 days, and it can be harvested in time. The delayed harvest of watermelon in the greenhouse has little effect on quality. After harvesting the first stubble, adopting techniques such as falling vines, pruning, or pruning regeneration can also allow melon seedlings to sit continuously for higher economic benefits.

How about it, has it brought a new idea for everyone to plant watermelon. If you want to try it, please try it quickly. I hope the editor ’s article can help everyone.

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