In the process of greenhouse tomato cultivation, fertilizer is an important factor to improve yield and quality. So, how to apply fertilizer in production to improve fertilizer utilization and meet the nutritional needs of tomato growth and development? According to the law and characteristics of tomato fertilizer requirement, fertilization of greenhouse tomato should pay special attention to the following 3 points:
1. Pay attention to organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer is the energy source of soil microorganisms and has the function of activating soil microorganisms. The increase of microorganisms can increase the utilization rate of soil nutrients and improve the disease resistance of crops. The carbon dioxide released during the decomposition of organic fertilizers becomes the raw material for photosynthesis, which can maximize the yield. At the same time, organic fertilizer also has the function of improving crop quality. Therefore, attention to organic fertilizer is the core of fertilization technology. However, the organic fertilizer used must be well fermented, otherwise, harmful gases are easily produced, and the pathogenic bacteria surviving in the fertilizer will become the initial source of infection and cause the disease. Under normal circumstances, 4000-5000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied per mu. If conditions permit, microbial inoculation preparations can also be used. Generally, the dosage per mu is 2-3 kg.
2. Balance the use of fertilizers
Chemical fertilizer has the characteristics of high nutrient content and fast fertilizer efficiency. Reasonable use can make up for the shortage of certain nutrients in the organic fertilizer and soil. It has the same effect on increasing yield, improving quality and organic fertilizer. As long as the balanced use of chemical fertilizers will not Crops and the environment cause harm. The commonly used fertilizer varieties for tomatoes are: urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, zinc sulfate and ternary compound fertilizer. Among them, superphosphate has better effect on acid soil or old greenhouse. Those with a large amount of organic fertilizer and old greenhouses can choose the lower limit of the amount of fertilizer; the ones with a small amount of organic fertilizer and the new greenhouse can choose the upper limit of the amount of fertilizer.
3. Reasonably distribute the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing
Determine the ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing based on the characteristics of fertilizers and the law of tomato fertilizer requirements. Under normal circumstances, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, 80% potash fertilizer and 30% nitrogen fertilizer are mixed as base fertilizer, and 2/3 of them are evenly spread on the ground, and then turned underground, and the remaining 1/3 is ridged When applied in the planting row, the remaining 70% nitrogen fertilizer and 20% potassium fertilizer are used as top dressing.
After the tomato enters the full fruit period, the root system's ability to absorb fertilizer decreases. At this time, spray fertilizer on the leaves. The common method is to spray 1% urea solution plus 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution plus 0.1% borax mixture 40-50 kg per mu each time, once every 5-7 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously, which is beneficial Delay aging and prolong the harvest period.
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