Section 1. Morphological characteristics and living habits Lobster, freshwater crayfish, scientific name Cress, is a member of arthropods, crustaceans, subclasses of the soft armour, decapoda, and shrimp. Lobster is not only tender and delicious, but also rich in protein, low in fat, and rich in nutrition. In recent years, as a kind of snack food, lobster has become more and more popular among consumers. The market demand has increased greatly. It has not only become the best-selling aquatic product in China, but also the shrimp, shrimp and whole shrimp exports have increased rapidly. . Cultured lobster has the characteristics of small investment, high yield, low risk, quick effect, etc. It has become a new bright spot for rich farmers and rich people. At present, lobster has mature processing technology and export channels, but artificial intensive aquaculture technology is still being explored. The lobster requires a wide range of water bodies, regardless of lakes, rivers, ponds, aqueducts, and paddy fields, and it has a strong ability to resist pollution. Even water that is difficult for some fish to survive can survive. In the environment of water body lacking of oxygen, it can not only climb the shore, but also can use the floating plants or water grass in the water to lay the body on the water surface, and use the fleas on the side of the body to breathe to maintain survival. In cultivation, suitable water quality indexes are: PH value 7.5-8.5, transparency 20-25cm, dissolved oxygen minimum value 3mg/L. Can tolerate a temperature difference of -15 to 40. C. The suitable water temperature is 20-30. C. Natural wintering can occur in most parts of China. There is a pair of rod-like male appendages on the inside of the second abdominal foot of the male, and the female does not have this pair of appendages. This is one of the main characteristics of identifying male and female lobsters. In addition, sexually mature males are large in size and have a bright red soft palate on both sides of the feet. The lameness of the female is relatively small. Most females do not have red soft palate on the lameness. Even if they are, the color is subdued. . The lobsters are afraid of the light. When the light is weak or dark, they climb out of the cave. They usually cling to the aquatic plants or floats in the water and they are "sleeping." When the light is strong, it sinks into the bottom of the water or hides in the cave. It has a phenomenon of day and night vertical movement. Lobsters are miscellaneous, and both vegetable and animal foods can be eaten. The young shrimps of lobsters feed on rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, and aquatic insect larvae; adult shrimps are omnivorous and can eat organic detritus, algae, like water hyacinth, bitter grass, duckweed, and malay Sub-plants and other succulent plants, large zooplankton, leeches, and various animal corpses are also their favorite foods. Artificially fed various plant foods such as plant stalks and aquatic grasses, and animal foods such as crushed snails Small fish, small fish, animal internal organs and artificial feeds are all also eaten. Lobsters prefer to eat on the water bottom and do it more at night. Due to the omnivorous nature of the lobster, it has a certain influence on the fry of summer fry, one-year-old fingerling breeding and artificial breeding. Lobsters can mate almost all the year round, but peak every spring. Mating is generally carried out in open areas of water, and the mating water temperature is greater, from 15. C to 31. C can be carried out. At the time of mating, the males inject sperm into the seminal vesicles of the females by means of a cross-thorn. The sperms are stored in the seminal vesicles for 2 to 8 months and the eggs can still be fertilized. After mating, the females dig into the hole one after another. When the eggs mature, the process of ovulation, fertilization and larval development is completed within the cave. The fertilized eggs hatched in the abdomen of females as juveniles, and the incubation temperature was 22-28. At C, incubation takes about 30 to 70 days. After hatching, the juvenile shrimps were all attached to the maternal abdomen, and the growth and development of the larval stage were completed under the protection of the mother. Section 2 Cultivation of shrimp 1. Selection of broodstock The broodstock can be selected from March to October of that year, requiring a weight of 20-25g, complete appendages, health and disease-free, strong activity, and a ratio of 1:1 male and female (actual breeding Experience is drawn). Male and female lobsters have obvious features in appearance and are easy to distinguish. Mature male lobsters are significantly larger than females; males have large feet and there is a bright red soft palate on both sides of the dragon's foot. Females are pale even if they have a color; male gonads open at the base of the fifth step. The female gonads are open to the base of the third pair of feet; sexually mature females have enlarged abdomens and the male stomach is relatively narrow. 2. The broodstock breeding broodstock pool area is suitable for about 2-5 acres, the bottom quality is loam, the water depth is 1m-1.5m or more, there is ample and good water source, the injection and drainage outlets are built, and the surrounding pool plastics are used. Films or calcium plastic plates are built to prevent escape from the wall. The ponds are disinfected with 50-80 kg/kg lime dry ponds for 7-10 days before stocking. After disinfection, after filtering (to prevent wild fish from entering the pond), water is injected into the decomposed livestock and poultry manure 100-200 kg/mu. Into the pond, concealed objects such as branches, roots, bamboo tubes, etc., are provided for shrimp climbing and some plants are transplanted. The broodstock pool can be used to feed broodstock 40-60kg/mu, and 3% salt water is used for bathing for 10 minutes before stocking to kill pathogens. In order to make full use of the water body and regulate the water quality, 50-100 tails per mu can be mixed. During the cultivation period, fresh water grass, bean cake, wheat bran or compound feed can be fed and a part of animal feed can be added. Such as chopped snail meat, livestock slaughtered leftovers and so on. Daily feeding amount: In March, it is 2%-3% of broiler weight, 4%-5% in April, 6%-8% after May, and 1 feeding each morning and evening, mainly in the evening. It accounts for 70% of the amount of bait. At the same time, strengthen water quality management, change fresh water once every 10-15 days, change water by 1/3 each time, and use lime 5-10kg/mu for watering once every 20 days to increase soil calcium to maintain good water quality. Broiler gonadal development. 3, broodstock breeding 4-5 months, the water temperature above 20 °C, broodstock began mating. Fertilized eggs hatch into juvenile shrimp in the female's abdomen, and incubation takes 40-70 days. After juvenile hatching, the growth and development of juveniles are completed under maternal protection. When young shrimp leave the mother, they can take food and live independently. When a large number of juvenile shrimps are found in the breeding ponds, the seedlings should be harvested in time for the cultivation of shrimps. 4, the broodstock winter lobster survival water temperature is the lowest value of 5 °C. When the water temperature is lower than 0°C, the mortality rate is high during the overwintering period for shrimps of about 3cm in size, and although adult shrimps can survive, there are also a large number of deaths after 2-3 months. Therefore, raise the water level to do the wintering work of the broodstock and ensure that the water temperature during the winter is an important part of the whole breeding work. 5, nursery technology lobster eggs are generally in the 200-800 tablets, the fertilization rate can be more than 98%, the hatching rate of up to 80% -85%. The problem is that post-emergence growth of clams is frequent and susceptible to environmental conditions that affect seedlings. To raise the seedling raising rate, the key points are as follows: 1. Water quality requirements: During the breeding of lobster, it is necessary to keep the water body relatively stable, the water quality is fresh, the pH value is between 6.5-8, and the water temperature difference between day and night is prevented; the dissolved oxygen in water Should keep more than 5.6 mg/l. 2, water environment: the surface of the water must have water plants such as (water lettuce, water peanuts, green algae, halcyon, etc. account for 1/3), and there are hidden caves, increase the shrimp seedling clam shell attachments, but also easy Check the seedling time and the growth of the shrimp by checking the water lotus seedlings. The water inlet is equipped with a fence and a filter to prevent the entry of predators into the pond, while preventing frogs from entering the pool and spawning eggs to avoid sturgeon. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the brooding shrimps from climbing. 3, strengthen the inspection: insist on checking the emergence of the situation sooner or later, when the larvae free mother, promptly catch the broodstock back to the broodstock pool and then cultivate, try to reduce the inventory over the pool, the operation should be particularly careful to avoid hatching broodstock just hatched Affected shrimp. 4. Guaranteed feeding: timely training of small zooplankton such as rotifers for freshly hatched juveniles. It is estimated that 3-5 days before emergence, a small amount of small zooplankton from the hatchery dedicated ponds will be introduced into the shrimp ponds. And use cooked egg yolk, soy milk and other timely feed supplements for young and young shrimp. Section 3: Juvenile Shrimp Cultivation 1. Requirements: Juvenile shrimps leave the mother's life, usually in the young shrimp pool. After all the young shrimps leave the mother, the broodstocks are removed and the young shrimps are left for cultivation. At this time, the young shrimps are averaged. The body length is 0.8cm, after 15 days of cultivation, the body length can reach 2.4-3cm, for the farmers to produce shrimp breeding. (1) Cultivation pond requirements: The young shrimp pond is preferably 2-5 acres in area, requiring close proximity to water sources, good water quality, convenient injection and drainage, well-prevented facilities, and pond disinfection (the same method as broodstock rearing). 200kg/mu of fermented organic fertilizer was applied after sterilization, and plankton was cultivated for feeding by juvenile shrimp. At the same time set up tree roots, bamboo tube, etc., to provide young shrimp habitat, shells and hidden places. (2) Water requirements: Water quality generally uses river or well water, and the water quality should be fresh. At the inlet, use a sieve to filter in the water to prevent insects, aquatic animals (such as otters), small fish, and eggs from entering the pool. During the cultivation period, depending on the residue feed and water quality (such as ammonia nitrogen and other high levels of tri-state nitrogen), it is necessary to regularly change the water to maintain good water quality. The suitable range of water temperature is 20°C-28°C, and the range of change should not be too large. If the water temperature is lower than 15°C, the growth rate will slow down, so the water temperature must be kept relatively stable during the whole cultivation period. Juvenile shrimp leave the mother's body, the cultivation pool must be inflated throughout the day, so that the dissolved oxygen in the water is sufficient. The pH of cultivation water should be controlled at 7-8.5, which is alkaline. If the water quality is found to be acidic, lime can be used to adjust the PH value. With tap water, small-scale production of breeding grounds, baking soda can be used to adjust the PH value. 2. Breeding techniques: Juvenile shrimp stocking amount is generally 150-230 tails/m2. Note that the specifications of shrimps in the same pool should be the same, and choose sunny morning or cloudy days. After 1 week of stocking, soybean milk can be fed for 3-4 times a day. From the 2nd week on, animal feeds such as small fish, snail meat, cockroach and silkworm cocoon are mainly fed. Paste feed, 1 shot in the morning and 1 in the evening, 40% of the daily bait amount in the morning, and 0.25-0.4kg per 10,000 juvenile shrimps in the early days of feeding, and about 10% of the shrimp weight will be fed later. During the cultivation period, change the water once every 10 days, each time changing 1/3, and splash lime water once every 20 days. The dosage is about 5kg/mu to adjust the water quality. After 25-30 days of cultivation, the juveniles can grow up to 3cm in length and can be transferred into shrimp culture. Section IV Shrimp prawn cultivation 1. Farming site: The lobster is extremely viable and can be fully utilized by ponds, rice fields, and some barren shoals, ponds and other water bodies for breeding. The area is suitable for 2-5 mus. Due to the habit of burrowing holes in the shrimp, the depth of the cave is generally about 50cm. To avoid escaping from the burrows, the aquaculture water should have a width of 1.5 to 1m around it, and a 0.5m high and smooth inner wall should be provided around the squid. Anti-escape wall or escape board, built note, drainage system, at the same time, the middle of the pond to build a few muddy, muddy two ends do not connect with the nephew, loach length is about pool length 4/5, width more than 1m埂 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。. The depth of the pool is preferably 1-1.5m, preferably around the water depth, with shallows in the middle. Roots, bamboo tubes, etc. are placed at the bottom of the pool and the water surface is raised to raise water plants. 2, stocking preparation: pond finishing before the shrimp into the pool, ponds should be carefully pondered, remove silt and the bottom of the pool and the pool wall have good water retention performance, minimize water leakage. The pool embankment must have a certain slope. Where conditions permit, multiple trenches can be dug in the middle of the bottom of the pool or a ditch can be excavated around the bottom of the pond, which is beneficial to the cultivation and management of early shrimp seedlings and convenient operation during capture. Clear water disinfection work directly affects the rate of shrimp production and aquaculture production. Commonly used methods are: quicklime disinfection: dry disinfection and water disinfection. Dry disinfection, 100-150 kilograms of lime per acre, Quanchiposa, after 3-5 days after the sun pond, pour in new water; with water disinfection, 1 meter water depth calculation per acre, with fresh lime 50-80 In kilograms, after the fresh lime is dissolved in water, the entire pool is sprayed evenly. Water and fertilization should be filtered when injecting new water to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering the pool with water. At the same time fertilize plankton to become a direct natural feed for lobster. The commonly used amount of organic fertilizer is 75-100 kg per mu, so that the water has a certain degree of fatness. At this time, the deepening of water, it is necessary to gradually increase the amount of fertilizer. It depends on the quality of the water. Planting aquatic grass lobsters are of mixed nature, although they are of animal nature, but in the case of insufficient animal feed, they also eat grass to feed their hunger. The plants that lobsters feed on are Vallisneria, Hydrilla verticillata, Eichhornia crassipes, water lettuce, and Chlorophyta. Aquatic grasses are also an ideal place for hidden and inhabited shrimps, as well as a good place for shrimps. Raising shrimp in ponds with many aquatic plants has a high survival rate. 3, juvenile shrimp seedling stocking germplasm quality specifications neat, shrimp required 3-4cm, shrimp species specifications for 5-7cm. Shrimp or shrimp species stocked in the same pond require the same specifications and one foot at a time. The stocked lobster shrimps and shrimps must have strong vigor, complete appendages, no disease, no injury, and a strong ability to resist drought. They will not die long after they leave the water. The juveniles are generally released in March. The juveniles can be placed in plastic basins. A small amount of water is added to the basins slowly until the water temperature in the basin is close to the pool water, and 3% to 4% salt water is added according to the amount of water in the basin. Bath about 5 minutes disinfection, and then slowly along the pool into the pool, pay attention to avoid exposure when stocking. In general, 1-1.5 million tails or 80-120 kg/mu of juvenile shrimp can be stocked in 3 cm, and 50-100 fish tails/mu can be mixed in order to regulate water quality. This shrimp production can reach 400-600kg. 4. Feed feeding: Lobster is an omnivorous aquatic animal, especially feed on animal feed. It can also feed on the young leaves, benthic algae, diatoms and minced rice bran, bean cake, bran, and miscellaneous plants. Fish, snail meat, silkworm cocoon, cockroach, slaughterhouse waste, or compound feed, etc., keep feed protein content at about 25%, daily feed amount is 3-5% of shrimp body weight, according to season, weather, water quality, shrimp Adjusted for physiological conditions. The water temperature is suitable from June to September. It is a period of high growth of shrimp. It is usually fed twice a day. The time is between 9-10 am and before and after sunset. The daily feed is 5-8% of the shrimp body weight; Can be fed 1 time, before and after sunset, or on the next day according to feeding conditions; feed once a day, daily feed for shrimp body weight 1-3%. Feed feeding should pay attention to when the weather is fine, and more investment, high temperature hot and humid, continuous cloudy or rainy days or less water quality is too thick; a lot of shrimp oyster shell less vote, after the oyster shell more vote. During the cultivation, fertilizer should be applied timely. Usually 5-7 days after juveniles are released. Fermentable livestock manure, 50-60kg/mu. From late June to mid-August, the main organic fertilizer is applied. The frequency and quantity of fertilization should be based on proper water color and transparency. The water color should be mung bean color or tea brown, and the transparency should be 30-40cm. The water quality should not be too fat, otherwise it is easy to lack. Oxygen goes ashore. 5. Specifically, the following points should be grasped: In accordance with the nutritional needs of different growth stages of lobsters, a good combination of bait and young shrimps should be carried out, mainly feeding on rotifers, Cladocera, copepods, and aquatic insects. Larvae, for juvenile shrimp and shrimp species prey. At the same time supplemented by artificial feeding. May and June are the rapid growth stages of lobsters, and they should be fed with wheat bran, bean cake and tender green feed, pumpkin, hawthorn, and melon skin, supplemented by animal feed. July and August are the key stages of gonadal development in lobsters, and in September and October, lobsters are preparing for the winterization period for nutrient preparation. At this time, animal feeds such as fish, snail meat, carp, and slaughterhouse animals should be fed. Leftovers, etc., to fully meet the nutritional requirements of lobster growth and development. According to the feeding characteristics of lobsters, scientific feeding, lobsters have the habit of nocturnal emission, and they come out to feed at night. The lobsters also have the characteristics of competing for food. Therefore, they can be fed twice a day in the evening feeding. One time, the feeding amount accounts for 70% of the total feeding amount. Lobster swimming ability is poor, the range of activities is small, and has the habit of occupying land, so the feeding of feedstuffs should adopt the method of qualitative, quantitative, timing, and fixed point, feeding evenly, so that each shrimp can eat Avoid competition for food and promote balanced growth. According to the weather, water quality, and the activity of Wanglong Lobster, it is reasonable to feed. Under the conditions of water temperature of 20°C-32°C and good water quality, the food consumption of lobster is quite strong, and the daily feeding amount of live bait may be The lobster weight of 8% to 12% of the arrangement, dry food or compound feed is 3% -5%. The lobster's ingestion intensity is directly constrained by environmental factors such as water temperature and water quality. Therefore, the daily feeding amount should be based on the weather and the water quality is too strong, so less feeding should be done. When a large number of lobsters are shelled, they should be thrown less, after the oyster shell. Should be more investment; lobster growth season should be more feeding, the onset of the season or lobster activity is not normal when less feeding, which is to improve the utilization of bait. 6, water quality management: Lobster is strong against hypoxia, and can directly use the oxygen in the air, too rich water quality can survive. Water quality management of pond cultured lobsters is relatively simple. Control water quality to keep the dissolved oxygen of the pond above 5 mg/l, the PH value is 7-8.5, the transparency is about 40cm, change the water once every 15-20 days, change the water every time 1/2, and splash once every 20 days Lime water, about 10kg per acre, is used to regulate water quality. The water level of the lobster cultured in the pond should not be too deep, usually the water depth should be kept at about 1 meter, and the water level in the high temperature season and the lobster winter can be deeper. So as not to affect the growth of lobster. 7, daily management: the cultivation of lobster, day-to-day management is a long-term arduous and meticulous work, we must persevere. Adhere to the weekly inspection in the morning or evening, observe changes in pond water quality, understand the status of lobster feeding activities, do a good job in the adjustment of the amount of feed to be fed, clean up the aquaculture environment, and find out if abnormalities take measures in a timely manner. Waterproofing is subject to industrial pollution, pesticide pollution, etc. When the water is low in dissolved oxygen, water quality is aged, or when there is bad weather such as sultry heat, continuous rain, etc., the amount of feeding should be reduced or the feeding should be stopped. Observe that if the lobster is found to be unresponsive, swim to the shore, float the head and climb to the shore. , indicating that severe hypoxia, water injection or aerator aeration. Fresh water is often added to keep the water in the pool clean and sanitary; regular use of quicklime to disinfect shrimp ponds; add a variety of vitamins in shrimp feed to enhance the shrimp immunity. Ponds for breeding lobsters should use plastic film or calcium plastic plates to build anti-escape walls. Especially in the flood season and typhoon season, we must do a good job of preventing floods and prevent winds, rain, and floods from flooding the fields or flooding to cause escape. The shell is an important symbol for the growth of lobsters. It is very important to do a good job in the management of oyster shell prawn. To facilitate the management of oyster shell prawn, it is necessary to promote lobster group uniform oyster shells by means of feeding or changing water. When a large number of lobsters are shelled, feeding should be reduced, and human intervention should be reduced. All operations should be carefully and cautious, create a quiet and good environment, and promote smooth lobster shelling. After a large number of lobster oyster shells, it is necessary to timely feed high-quality food, to prevent mutual killing due to lack of food. Section 5 Scientifically Breeding Lobster 1. Create a good lobster growth environment. Lobster is a crustacean. Similar to crabs, it has a pair of particularly developed chelators and has the habit of digging burrows. It is usually drilled near the shore by water. The lobsters are afraid of light. When the light is weak or dark, they climb out of the cave. When the light is strong, they sink into the water or hide in the cave. According to the habit of lobsters, 50cm high anti-escape nets can be installed along the river ponds to prevent lobsters from fleeing. At the same time, Hetang simulates the ecological environment of lobster under natural conditions, and 10-15% of aquatic plants and concealed plants are planted under the shallow side of the pond to create a habitat for lobsters and shelling, reducing mutual killing. The impact of water quality on lobster production cannot be ignored either. The quality of water directly affects the healthy growth and development of lobsters. In the breeding process, the pH of the pool water is maintained between 7.5-8.5, the transparency is 30-40cm, and new water is often added, and the quicklime solution is periodically poured to regulate the water quality. , to prevent the occurrence of diseases and clam shells, etc. 2, reasonable feeding feed. Lobsters will kill each other when they are hungry and have insufficient food. Therefore, the amount of feed must be sufficient. Lobster feed is animal and plant feed. Vegetable feed is wheat, aquatic grass, rapeseed cake, etc. Animal feedstuffs are miscellaneous fish, miscellaneous meats and livestock viscera. Normally, the feeding time, feeding amount and feeding method are determined according to the habit of lobsters buzzing and the density of shrimp in the pond. Otherwise, it will increase feed costs and reduce the efficiency of farming. 3, scientific fishing. In the lobster culture process, juvenile shrimps can grow to commercial specifications within 60-90 days under suitable humidity and sufficient feed. The seedlings were released in March, and the arrests began in June and sold large and small. As a result of catching a small stay, catch rounds. It can increase the rate of arrest, sell a good price, and achieve high yield and high efficiency. Section VI Cultivation of lobster in paddy fields 1. Agro-planted rice field project construction: Cultivation of lobster in paddy fields is a good form of rice paddy farming. Lobster cultured in paddy fields with close to water sources, adequate water supply, and no pollution sources is adopted. Paddy field is better with loamy soil. It requires the Tianfu to be thick and flat, with no tall trees around the paddy field, supporting bridges and culverts, water, electricity, and access roads. Shrimp farming trenches were dug along the inner side of the rice paddies. The ditch was 2-4 meters wide, 0.8-1 meters deep, and the slope ratio was 1:2.5. For larger aquaculture areas, field trenches should also be excavated in the field, with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 0.5-0.8 meters. The aquaculture ditch and field ditch area account for about 20% of the paddy field area. Use the soil excavated in the open shrimp ditch to reinforce the height of the field and level the field. According to the pattern of high-irrigation and low-elevation drainage, the water intake channel is built on the field ridge, and the drainage outlet is arranged at the lowest point of the paddy field to ensure that the water sources can be fed in and discharged. Around the field, plastic film or calcium plastic panels are used to prevent escape. It is better to use plastic mesh cloth to cover the inner slope of the field to prevent holes. Second, the preparation of shrimp seedlings stocking: per acre rice paddy shrimp ditch with lime or other drugs, completely clearing the ditch disinfection. Shrimp furrow ditch decomposed livestock manure 100-150 kg fertilization water quality. Transplanting aquatic plants, planting aquatic plants such as Hydrilla verticillata and Malay Oozi under shrimp groves, or planting leeks on the edge of a ditch. The influent water is screened with a screen to prevent entry of predators. Shrimp ditch water depth can maintain 0.8-1 meters. In the same field, stock the shrimp seedlings of the same specifications and put them in one go. On sunny days or in rainy days, when stocking seedlings, use 3%-4% saline solution for 10 minutes for disinfection. Third, feeding and management: 4-8 months to feed plant-based feed, from September to November more than feeding some animal feed. The daily feeding amount is arranged in 6%-8% of the body weight of the shrimp. Feeding once every 3-5 days in the winter, the daily feeding amount is 2%-3% of the body weight of the shrimp. Since April of the following year, gradually increase the amount of feeding. Water Quality Management During the high-temperature season of August-September, change the water every 10 days, change the water by 1/3 each time, and splash lime water once every 20 days to adjust the water quality. Daily management checks the field once a day. Do a good job of preventing fleeing. There are more aquatic plants in the shrimp ditch. Do not flush water when large quantities of shrimp are clam shelled, and do not interfere with them. After the clam shells are fed with high-quality animal feed, Section 7 Pond culture of lobster ponds Culture lobsters, which are easily reared and managed, have a wide feed source and high yield, and are an important form of lobster farming. 1. Breeding facilities: The pond area is suitable for 5-10 mu, with a depth of 1-1.5 meters and a slope ratio of 1:2.5. The bottom of the pool is flat, and the bottom soil is made of loam, and the slope is harder. The pond has good water retention and the water level is easy to regulate. Adequate water supply, no water pollution. According to the pattern of high-irrigation and low-discharge, built into the drainage channel, so that the irrigation can be advanced and discharged. The lobsters in the pond have a strong escape ability and must do a good job in the construction of anti-escape facilities. Usually use plastic film or calcium plastic plate, along the pool around the use of bamboo piles or stakes support fenced escape. 2. Prepare before restocking: (1) Thoroughly clear the pond to disinfect the shrimp seedlings 20-30 days before stocking, drain the pool water, remove excess silt, and renovate the pond ridges. Use 75-100 kg of lime for bleaching or bleaching powder per acre. And other drugs, completely clear the pool disinfection. (2) Apply enough basal fertilizer to ferment 100-150 kilograms of livestock manure per acre, develop rotifers and hornbeams, copepod plankton, and provide palatable foods for shrimp seedlings. (3) Planting aquatic plants in the pond Planting leaves of Hydrilla verticillata, Malay Oozi, Elodea and other aquatic plants occupy an area of ​​2/3 of shrimp ponds. At the same time, set up nets, or set bamboo tubes, plastic tubes, etc., to provide lobsters with habitats, shells and shelters. 3. Stocking of shrimp seedlings: (1) A variety of farming patterns can be adopted in the breeding mode: (1) Summer stocking mode: The first batch of juvenile shrimps hatched in the year of stocking are mainly stocked, and the stocking time is in mid-late July. Shrimp specifications are more than 3cm. 3-40000 fish rearing per acre. (2) Fall stocking mode: The large size shrimp or shrimp species cultivated in the year of stocking are the main species, and the stocking time is from mid-August to September. About 3cm specifications shrimp, 25,000 acre stocking. Shrimp species specifications 3cm, stocking 1.5-2 million per acre. At the end of the year, a small part of the market will reach the market specification, most of which will be listed on the market from May to June of the following year. The commodity shrimp weighs only 75 grams and produces 500-800 kilograms per mu. (3) Spring restocking mode: It is generally stocked in the March-April year. In the year of stocking, shrimps that do not meet the marketing specifications are mainly based on the specifications of 100-200 eggs per kilogram, and stocking of 1.5-2 million fishes per acre. After spring farming, it will be listed on the market from June to July. The commercial shrimp will weigh up to 50 grams and produce 500-600 kilograms per mu. (2) Quality requirements for shrimp seedlings of the quality of seedlings (1) The specifications are neat: juvenile shrimps are more than 4cm in size, and shrimps are about 7cm in size. The size of shrimps that are stocked in the same pond should be the same, and should be enough once. (2) Robust constitution, complete appendages, no sickness, no injuries, and strong vitality. (3) The shrimp seedlings are all artificially cultivated. (3) Notes: (1) The spring retreat should be conducted on a sunny day in the morning, and summer and autumn retrieving should be conducted in sunny mornings or on rainy days to avoid sun exposure. (2) Shrimp seedlings should be bathed with 3%-5% saline for 10 minutes before stocking to kill parasites and pathogens. (3) The lobster seedlings purchased from a distant place should be treated slightly before stocking due to the long time before leaving. The seedlings were soaked in the water for 1 minute, put for 2-3 minutes, and then soaked for 1 minute. This repeated 2-3 times, so that the body surface and suck cavity of the seedlings to absorb water and then stocking, in order to improve the survival rate. (4) Ponds for raising lobsters should be properly mixed with some squid to improve water quality and make full use of feed resources. 4, science feeding (1), lobster food miscellaneous, and more bulimia. Feed the feed, grasp the following three points; in accordance with the nutritional needs of the development stage, do a good job of feed combination and feeding. At the stage of juvenile shrimps and juveniles, rotifers, cladocera, copepods, and aquatic insect larvae feed on the larvae. In the adult stage, animal feed and vegetable feed are also used. After the shrimp and shrimp species are stocked, they must timely apply fertilizer and fertilize water quality. During the period from June to August, it is the rapid growth stage of lobsters. Feed the wheat bran, bean cake and green feed properly and feed more animal feed. From November to December, lobsters were fed animal feeds before winter to avoid competing for food. (2) According to the weather, changes in water quality, and reasonable feeding conditions for lobster activities. The suitable water temperature for lobster growth is 20-32°C. In the June-August period, the food intake of lobsters will increase. The daily feed amount can be arranged at 8%-10% of the body weight of shrimps, and the dry feed or compound feeds can be co-ordinated at 3%-5%, depending on the weather, water quality and shrimps. Appropriate increase or decrease in activity foraging. Rainy weather or excessive water quality, you can feed less, when the weather is fine, more appropriate feeding; a large number of shrimp when the clam shell feed, after the clam shell more feeding; shrimp less feeding season, when normal growth more feeding. It is necessary to allow shrimp to eat well, but also to reduce waste and improve feed utilization. 5, daily management (1), establish a patrol pool inspection system. Every day, the pool is patrolled and abnormalities are promptly taken. (2) Strengthen the management of habitats and clam shells. There are always more aquatic plants in the shrimp pond. It is strictly forbidden to interfere with a large number of shrimp shells. Immediately after the shell is added, high-quality palatability feed is added to prevent mutual killing and promote growth. (3), prevent escape and prevent disease. During the flood season, strengthen inspections to prevent shrimp escape. Do a good job in disease prevention and the elimination of enemy harm. 6, commodity shrimp fishing and transport (1), fishing. Can be caught in June-December. First use a cage net, hand-draw nets and other tools to capture, and finally dry pool capture. It is also possible to catch big and stay small and catch it all year round. (2) Transportation. Commercial shrimps are usually shipped in foam plastic boxes, plastics, or refrigerated trucks. Keep the shrimps moist during transport and do not squeeze them to increase the survival rate. Section VIII Lobster fishing The lobsters are usually divided into two species: green shell lobster and crustacean lobster. The crustacean lobster is tender and the shell lobster is large. From May to September each year, it is the peak season for catching lobster. Since lobsters like to grow in weeds, and lobster bottoms cannot be even, lobsters have holes. Therefore, according to the biological characteristics of lobsters, the following fishing methods are used. 1, the ground cage fishing: the lobster nets made into the cage. Each cage has a length of about 5 meters. Each grid has a barb on both sides. The cage is covered with a shelter net. The two sides of the cage are circular. It is better to have nets in the ground cage network. Every morning or afternoon, place the cage on the edge of the shrimp pond, and put richer fish, chicken guts and other things as bait. In the evening, when the shrimp came out searching for food, he smelled something strange. He came to the cage and hit the cage. The caged shrimp slid deep into the cage and became the shrimp in the cage. This method of fishing is suitable for the deep-water lobster fishing. 2, hand dip net fishing: the shrimp side squared into a square, the following with a cone with a barbed cone, along the edge of the shrimp pond or aquatic plants, and constantly catch the rod, shrimp into the square dip net When the net was raised, the shrimps were caught. This fishing method is suitable for use in densely populated areas. 3, dry pool to catch: drain the pool of water, shrimp will be presented at the bottom of the pond, using artificial hand-picking method, enjoy it. ![]()
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