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The development of modern agriculture is inseparable from the support of science and technology; poverty alleviation, but also need science and technology help. To this end, our province has introduced a series of measures in recent years: to strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation platforms; to support agricultural research institutions, institutions of higher learning and scientific and technical personnel for production R & D, technology promotion to participate in modern agricultural construction; vigorously implement the Kop Hui Nong Hing Village plan; Vigorously implement the special action of poverty alleviation through science and technology... Farmers are delighted to find that in the fields, more and more agricultural experts are mobilized. They go down to Tiankan, visit farmers, ask farming, answer questions, answer questions about breeding techniques, and adapt to local conditions. Guide the development of the agricultural industry and help poor villages get out of poverty.
In order to let more farmers know and master the advanced technology taught by experts, this newspaper will launch a special column “Experts Field Technology to Villages†from today, so stay tuned!
â–¡ Li Jinyu
The kiwifruit tree often suffers from many diseases such as brown spot, which not only has a great influence on the growth of plants, but also prevents the general control measures from being effective. In this regard, Professor Gong Guoshu of Sichuan Agricultural University and his team visited the impoverished villages of Guangyuan, Ya'an, and Mianzhu, and recently held training on prevention and control of kiwifruit brown spot disease.
At the training site, Gong Guoshu said that kiwifruit brown spot, commonly known as early deciduous kiwifruit defoliation disease, is a second-invasion disease that is the second most common cause of ulcer disease in Sichuan kiwifruit producing areas. Severely affected the output of kiwifruit that year and the following year. In the popular year, the leaves of the first half of harvested fruit were almost completely lost, and the yield loss could reach 30%-70%. However, after the occurrence of the disease, most growers thought that they were caused by physiological factors and the control methods were confusing.
"The pathogen of brown spot was identified as a multi-prime spore, and the kiwifruit brown spot caused by the multi-prime spores is a new record of disease in China." Gong Guoshu introduced the brown spot in detail in the form of illustrations. Because of different altitudes, seasons, and temperatures, the diseases vary in severity. In general, low altitude areas are more severe than high altitude areas. The disease mainly invades the leaves of kiwifruit trees, and the young leaves can be damaged immediately after they are unfolded. In the early stage, a nearly circular dark green water-soaked spot is formed, which expands to brownish round spots with chlorotic halos on the edges. Under conditions of high humidity and high humidity, the lesions spread rapidly, with a diameter of 2-3 cm, a dark brown rim, and a central light gray, with obvious ring veins, and a clear boundary between disease and health. Generally, a large amount of gray mold layer is formed on the back of leaves, and it is also positive when wet. Multiple lesions often heal together, causing the leaves to die, break and fall off. After the old diseased leaves fall off, new leaves are re-introduced and the damage continues.
"In the treatment of drugs, use low-toxicity, low-residue drugs to avoid affecting the fruit." Gong Guoshu said that after several years of indoor and field drug screening, they obtained the types of agents that can effectively control the disease. An agent such as azoxycycloamine, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluorosilazole, dicyanoguanidine, tetrafluorocarbazole, difenoconazole, tebuconazole and the like are preferred. If compounded fungicides and protective fungicides are used together, the effect is better, and the field control effect can reach about 70% to 80%.
Gong Guoshu and other experts recommended to a large number of growers and technicians that the majority of Sichuan kiwifruit production areas (shallow hills and peaceful dam areas) start from late June to early July of each year, and can use the recommended pharmaceutical control browns according to changes in temperature and humidity. Occurrence of the disease usually occurs once every 10 days, and the use of medicines is repeated about 3 times to control the occurrence of the disease.
The participants also visited the kiwifruit brown spot control agent comparison area, the comprehensive prevention and control technology display area, and the sheltered rain cultivation demonstration area. When everyone saw that the leaves of the kiwifruit in the demonstration area were rich in green and fruitful, but the leaves of the kiwifruit in the control area and the surrounding ordinary parks were deciduous, the fallen leaves covered with fallen leaves, and the fruits were weak, they were very surprised. Demonstration area kiwi fruit functional leaf holdings of 90%, while the ordinary planting garden is less than 10%.
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Professor Gong Guoshu is the backup candidate for academic and technical leaders in Sichuan Province. He is the director of the Plant Protection Department of Sichuan Agricultural University, a member of the Board of Directors of the Chinese Plant Pathology Society, and a plant protection post expert for the Sichuan Innovation Team of the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System.
Her research group “Study on the Sustainable Control of Plant Pests and Diseases†has been working on the research of kiwifruit brown spot. It has achieved important breakthroughs in prevention and control, and identified the pathogens causing the occurrence of brown spot disease, its host range, and epidemic patterns. A comprehensive set of prevention and control technologies suitable for Sichuan kiwifruit production areas was constructed. This technology has a high degree of maturity and possesses the five "magic weapons" to prevent and treat kiwifruit brown spot: (1) forecasts and predictions; (2) avoiding the interplantation of other host plants and kiwifruit; (3) clearing the garden in winter and removing litter; (4) Balance nutrition and strengthen tree vigor; (5) Pharmacy prevention and control, rotation of medication.
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