1. What are the manifestations of vegetable snowstorms?
Due to the damage caused by excessively long time of snow cover, there are two kinds of snow damage in vegetable production: (1) The snow damage caused by exposed snow has a greater impact on the north. The impact on the South is not significant, but in January 2008, a once-in-a-year heavy snowstorm has a huge impact, especially on radish and lettuce that have become commercial food.
2 Snow in the protected area has a long snow cover and a thick snow cover. The weight of the snow on the roof of the greenhouse is heavy, causing damage to the shed. The simple bamboo structure or even the steel frame sheds losses due to the lack of timely cleaning of the snow.
2. What are the technologies for reducing vegetables and snow disasters?
1 The management of open field vegetables Strengthen the field management of open field vegetables such as spinach, common cabbage, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, rapeseed, etc., clear the gutters and drainage in time, and timely implement tillage and weed control after sunny weather, strengthen pest and disease control and fertilizer and water management, and timely harvest and market. After freeze-dried eggplant vegetable seedlings were planted in open field, they should be quickly planted in greenhouses or greenhouse hot-line hotbeds after the disaster. Where possible, intensive cultivation should be carried out to shorten the seedling period and replant as soon as possible.
2 greenhouse vegetable management to timely clear the snow in vegetable greenhouses to prevent the collapse of the shed, repair the collapsed sheds in time to prevent further expansion of the disaster; to clear the ditch drainage around the greenhouse; a small shed in the greenhouse, cover multiple layers of cold insulation at night, during the day Remove cover to increase light; after rain (snow), be clear and sunny, pay attention to appropriate shade, gradually increase light; control watering, so as not to reduce ground temperature, increase air humidity, cause disease; sunny day to increase air release, cloudy days at the temperature Appropriate air release at a relatively high period of time, control of humidity and disease prevention; use of smoke or dust agents to control pests and diseases. In the area where vegetables are frozen in the shed, a quick pickle of common Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, parsley, lettuce, leeks, radishes, etc. can be bred in the aftermath of the disaster to strive to be available in March and April; Classes, beans and other thermophilic vegetables and melon seedlings, for the middle and late March colonization.
3 Vegetable nursery management The greenhouse seedlings should be increased with warming and keeping seedlings such as incandescent lamps, stoves, or electric stoves; small shed nursery should be covered with grasshoppers (curtains) so as to prevent grasshoppers (curtains) from being wetted by rain (snow) and reduce the heat preservation effect. Should be covered with rain film. Small sheds should not use smoke agents to prevent pests and diseases.
3. What are the measures to restore production after snow damage in greenhouses?
1 Clearing the snow The majority of shed households that have fallen or fell halfway have not cleaned the snow in time. When the temperature is low, the snow on the shed builds up more and more, resulting in collapse. Those sheds that have cleared snow in time are even more likely to span. The large bamboo frame shed is also intact. As long as it is snowing, even in the middle of the night, it must be lifted to clear the snow on the film.
2 Repair of greenhouses Regardless of whether the large or medium-sized sheds in the snowstorm are collapsed or half-fallen or not, it is necessary to pay close attention to time to repair and reinforce the skeletons and shed films, and to add wood supports, reinforce the pillars in the shed, and reinforce the laminating lines. The bottom membrane of the greenhouse should be soiled with mud, membrane membrane holes should be filled with tape, and small holes with micro-films can be dampened with water.
3 When the snow outside the sloping drain shed starts to melt, it is necessary to clear the ditch to drain the snow water in time. It is best to clear snow from the membrane on both sides of the shed to prevent snow from melting through the shed. In the shed, not only take away heat, but also increase the humidity.
4 Warming and warming Temporary warming measures are adopted to reasonably control the temperature in the shed, such as light bulbs, heating, and temporary combustibles. However, attention should be paid to the safety of electricity use, and combustion should be prevented and prevented from occurring. In order to increase the temperature and prevent freezing, a small arch canopy can be buckled in a greenhouse, arched with a thin bamboo arch, covered with a double layer of film, or covered with a shading net on a small arch cover film. The conditions are also good under the greenhouse film. Hang a two-layer film (a foot or so away from the top film and hook it with a hook).
5 When the vegetables are slowly warmed and frozen, they cannot be immediately heated in a closed greenhouse. Only the temperature inside the greenhouse can be increased slowly, and the frozen tissues can gradually absorb the water lost due to freezing. After the sun comes out, the ventilation openings should be opened appropriately. After a certain period of time, the ventilation openings should be gradually reduced and closed to allow the temperature of the shelter to rise slowly.
6 Improve lighting During the day, cover the grass, sunshade and other coverings as soon as possible to increase lighting. However, we must pay attention to the method of uncovering the cover when uncovering the cover. It cannot be completely uncovered at one time to prevent the snow from turning to the sun. The strong light caused the water loss of the crop to cause acute flash seedlings to wither. If conditions permit, the breeding nursery room is best to use a new film or a non-drip film, better light transmission.
7 Ventilation and dehumidification At 1 to 2 o'clock noon, it is necessary to uncover the door for about 1 hour to remove the exhaust gas, reduce the water accumulation on the film, and reduce the humidity. When the humidity of the vegetable seedlings in the greenhouse is too large, it is possible to use grass ash or dry fine soil to spread on the leaf surface, and then use the chicken feather brush to exhaust the leaves. However, 30 to 40 centimeters of wind deflectors should be set at the gates of the greenhouses to prevent foot winds and freeze the crops on the door.
8 Freezing damage to the damaged shed In case of frost damage to the vegetables in the shed, reasonable application of foliar fertilizers is required. For crops and seedlings that have been subjected to freezing injury and severe freezing injury, growth-promoting hormones are prohibited. 300 times liquid rice vinegar can be sprayed (50 ml to 15 kg water), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (30 g), or 1% sucrose + 1% rice vinegar can be sprayed on the foliage to increase vegetable resistance.
9 The management of fertilizers was thawed after the snowfall. After the plants resumed their growth, the weather was clear at noon, and depending on the growth of the vegetables, fading water was used to promote growth. Foliage spraying a broad-spectrum of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, chlorothalonil and other broad-spectrum agents (specially used in the shed, where the humidity is too high, sprinkle the original powder, that is, wrap the original drug in cloth, and tie it with bamboo vines. In order to control the occurrence of diseases such as gray mold, sclerotinia, and blight.
In addition, we must pay close attention to the changes in the weather, listen to weather forecasts in a timely manner, and prevent the recurrence of rain and snow. In particular, when visiting relatives and friends during the Spring Festival, we must not forget that we must have someone “see the greenhouse on a third dayâ€.
4. How to quickly restore vegetable production after the disaster?
1 Sprouts production Sprouts production cycle is short, high yield, ease the conflict between the supply and demand of vegetables in the disaster area. Greenhouses, greenhouses and vacant houses can be used to produce peas, mung beans, soybeans, radishes, buckwheat sprouts and other sprouts.
2 rush to sowing squat vegetables in the light of the disaster, the temperature and ground temperature higher after the disaster to quickly rob a broadcast of ordinary cabbage, cabbage, garlic, parsley, lettuce, lettuce and other fast-growing vegetables, for early spring listing. We must seize the time to make use of greenhouses, greenhouse hotpots and other hot nurseries, where conditions permit the implementation of intensive nursery, shorten the seedling period, and strive to replant as soon as possible.
5. How to survive the winter vegetable garden and vegetable seedlings management?
1 Timely harvesting of vegetables that can be picked in advance, picking in advance, grabbing and picking, and organizing the listing of local dishes. Such as Huangyaobai, cabbage, radish, etc., coordinated vegetable farmers to pick up the market, suffered less freezing damage, if not listed on time, due to frost damage in the fields.
2 Strengthen seedling management In greenhouses, seedlings such as pepper and eggplant vegetables, one must adopt electric heating and multi-layer covering measures. At night, it is best to cover straw insulation; at the same time, watering is less to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse; The third is to prevent and control the occurrence of disease in a timely manner. Attention should be paid to the occurrence and spread of damping-off and blight. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen the low-temperature exercise during the seedling period and improve the cold resistance of the seedlings. After the seedlings emerge, the seedbed should be ventilated, and the ventilation volume should be gradually increased as the weather becomes warmer, and the seedlings can be subjected to low-temperature exercise. Carry out a comprehensive inspection of the vegetable greenhouses and strengthen the treatment. Clean the snow in time to avoid sheds.
6. How to carry out antifreeze and disaster reduction comprehensive management of wintering vegetables?
1 cultivated soil with pig manure or soil fertilizer such as soil fertilizer manure, cultivating in the roots of vegetables, can increase the root soil temperature 2 °C ~ 3 °C, should be carried out on a sunny day, per acre Shi 1000 ~ 1500 kg. In combination with cultivator, using fine earth soil to encircle the root can loosen the soil, increase soil temperature, and protect the roots.
2 Add foliar fertilizer shed vegetable leaf spraying 1 to 2 times 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, can add nutrition, enhance cold resistance.
4 Adding coverings Covering vegetables and vegetables with agricultural film or wheat straw, use 100-150 kilograms of rice straw per acre. Sprinkle them sparsely and cover all vegetables to avoid affecting photosynthesis.
5 Clear the ditch immediately after the ditching of the ditch to remove the water, improve the vitality of the roots, and prevent the occurrence of waterlogging. Remove greenhouses and snow on both sides in time to prevent absorption of large amounts of heat while melting to reduce the temperature inside the shed, and drain water to prevent waterlogging.
7. How to reduce post-harvest freeze damage of mature leafy vegetables?
In order to reduce the loss of cold damage of cabbage, rapeseed, spinach, Chinese cabbage and other leafy vegetables after harvesting, the following measures can be taken: 1 Cold storage stocks have cold storage, frozen vegetables can be stored at 0 °C 1 °C to reduce the degree of frost damage, Restore some of the quality.
2 If there is a shortage of electricity in an ordinary warehouse, cold storage or a well-closed warehouse or bungalow can be used as a ventilation warehouse. That is, the library door or window is opened at night, and the storage door or window is closed during the day to preserve the frozen vegetables. The window of the storeroom is required to be shaded to prevent direct sunlight from reaching the vegetables. Daily management, the use of thermometers to measure the temperature of the day and night, open the library door or window ventilation time is best to choose 19 to 22 o'clock in the evening and 5 to 7 o'clock in the morning, the specific ventilation time depends on the local temperature, temperature The lower the ventilation time and number of ventilations should be, the shorter and the less. It is recommended that the ventilation time should not exceed 2 hours. If the temperature rises above 2°C, the ventilation time can be extended at night, but it cannot be ventilated during the day.
3 open storage If you do not have cold storage, warehouse or cottage, you can choose high terrain, open areas, digging a narrow groove of 30 to 40 cm, the depth of the trench is generally suitable for stacking 2 layers. Place the vegetables in a growing state and cover the soil approximately 5 to 10 cm thick (according to local storage habits). Thaw 2 days before listing, ie, remove vegetables from the ditch, set it up in an empty room or shed, and slowly thaw it at a low temperature of 0°C to 2°C. Then remove the yellow rot leaves, sort the bundles and market them. The thawing process cannot be performed at high temperatures. In the case of electricity, continuing to maintain the frozen state is a better way to preserve vegetables.
8. How to freeze frozen leaf processing?
In the absence of electricity, due to the fact that the processing plant cannot produce frozen vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish, etc., it can be preserved by salting. When salting, the highest salt content should not exceed 25% of the vegetables, and the minimum salt content should not be less than 10% of the vegetable weight. Pickled vegetables should generally be eaten after 20 days. When pickling, pay attention to people, dishes (to be cleaned), and container hygiene. As the temperature rises, note the reverse cylinder.
9. How to cultivate cold and frost-proof edible mushrooms?
The minimum temperature for the growth of cultivated edible fungi mycelium is 3 °C ~ 6 °C. If the temperature below 0°C is encountered, the mushroom shed (house) can reduce the frostbite of the hyphae as long as it can increase the temperature by 2°C~3°C. Focus should be placed on the insulation of mushroom sheds (houses) to prevent freezing of mycelium cells, and to avoid mechanical damage such as freezing and freezing.
1 Remove ice and snow, drain and drain. Timely remove snow and ice accumulating at the top of the mushroom shed (room) and around it to prevent the mushroom shed (house) from collapsing. Drain ditches around the shed (house) to keep the drainage smooth and avoid rain and snow from attacking the mushroom material.
2 Stop spraying and try to keep the surface dry. At low temperatures, the edible mycelium enters a hibernating state and the water spray easily dies.
3 strengthen mushroom shed (house) insulation management. A small shed can be buckled in the greenhouse; the shed can be covered with a cover, such as a film, a straw curtain, etc., for heat preservation and dehumidification. The plastic film is used as apron at the bottom of the shed to reduce the cold air intrusion at the bottom, to close the gap, and to minimize heat dissipation in the gap. In the north of the greenhouse, straw is used as a windbreak to block wind and cold, and the frequency of entering and leaving the mushroom house can be reduced to enable the mushroom shed to grow. The temperature within the room is 3°C~5°C higher than the outside temperature, which can basically maintain the activity of mycelia. The collapsed mushroom sheds (rooms) must be repaired in time and cannot be left unattended.
4 After the temperature rises steadily, water is sprayed on the material surface in time to restore daily management.
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