Wheat is the main food crop in our province. It is harvested from the end of September and the beginning of October to the first harvest of the second year of June. The growth period of the wheat is more than 8 months. During the period, 11 breeding periods, including emergence, childbirth, wintering, and returning to the green, have occurred. It is susceptible to various adverse climate factors such as warm winters and cold springs, causing many problems such as prosperous pre-winter seasons, cold damage in early spring, lodging in winter, and so on, leading to a reduction in wheat production. In particular, in recent years, warm winter weather has caused a large proportion of wheat fields that are prosperous in winter before wheat crops, and should be highly valued by local people. Since September this year, the climate in different regions has been unusually warmer than in previous calendar years. Attention should be paid to preventing the adverse effects of autumn and winter climate on wheat.
I. Analysis of reasons for prosperous winter
1, sowing too early to cause pre-winter accumulated temperature is an important reason leading to the pre-winter wheat flourishing. In our province, there is a farmyard with the characteristics of “white dew early, cold dew late, and autumn decent wheatâ€, but with the increase of warm winter years and the popularization of semi-weak winter varieties in various regions, this farmland has gradually lost its guidance. significance. The idea of ​​“wheat harvest early, frost down, and cold dew planting wheat†gradually became the mainstream. The appropriate planting time should be determined according to the degree of winter nature of the variety, the size of the sowing volume and the climate characteristics of the current year. Zhangzhou should be in October. 5th-15th. The required temperature for the formation of strong seedlings before winter wheat is greater than 0°C. The winter temperature is 530-650°C, and the mid-winter variety is 520-560°C. Robbery and early sowing is the main reason for the formation of pre-winter seedlings. In September and September 2005, the rainfall was between 30-40 mm. Many plots were sown at the end of September and early October, and the autumn and winter temperatures were high, before winter. The accumulated temperature is much higher than the effective accumulated temperature needed to form strong seedlings to form vigorous seedlings.
2, too much seeding caused the group before the winter is too large, but also easy to form Wang Miao. Affected by late planting of wheat and increased yields of some weak tillering varieties, some farmers blindly increased the amount of sowing, even if the varieties with strong tillering ability (such as Shijiazhuang No.8) were timely wheat (October 5-10). The seeding rate is not less than 35-40 pounds, and some plots even up to 50 pounds. Due to the high temperature in the past two years before winter, part of the high-fertilizer plots have grown vigorously and have more tillers, the groups are too large, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, the root development is poor, and the stem segments grow too long to form a vigorous seedling, and it is winter. After lodging, lay hidden dangers.
3, excessive amount of nitrogen fertilizer leads to prosperous winter. The use of urea or ammonium bicarbonate as the base fertilizer for wheat causes the pre-winter wheat leaf pods to thrive and even grow in size, resulting in the formation of large populations of vigorous seedlings. In the past two years, the area of ​​straw returning has been expanding year by year. To speed up straw rot, the amount of fertilization per mu should be applied to 20 kg of urea or 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu. The amount increased to 35 pounds of urea or 100 pounds of ammonium bicarbonate, and even 150 pounds of ammonium bicarbonate, resulting in an increase in plots before the prosperous winter.
4. The warm winter and fall winter are the most important factors leading to the prolonged growth of wheat in winter. In November-December 2004, the temperature remained high and the weather was warmer. It did not cool until after the snowfall on December 21, and some wheat fields, especially those planted in early September and early October, were sown in early sowing and October 5-10. Timely sowing of wheat between the day, more than the winter before delivery, Wang Wang Miao formed excessive growth. The pre-winter greater than 0°C effective accumulated temperature reached above 850°C, which was more than 200°C suitable for pre-winter suitable accumulating temperature of wheat, resulting in long super-wide leaves of Wangmiao and 7-8 leaves of main stem.
Second, prosperous control measures
1, good varieties of good law to do a good job sowing. Before sowing, good winter varieties should be selected based on the climate characteristics of the area for many years; timely sowing should be conducted to minimize the pre-winter prosperous growth caused by early sowing and warm autumn and winter weather; scientifically determine the seeding rate. According to the level of soil strength, the type of tillering power, the sowing date of scientific determination of the amount of sowing, do a good job of precision and semi-precision sowing, reduce seed waste, reduce the probability of formation of vigorous seedlings before winter; do a good job of scientific and rational fertilization, coordination of nitrogen The proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, but the amount of partial nitrogen fertilizer.
2, due to early sowing Wang Miao to step on pressure. Due to early sowing, a prosperous wheat field was found. After the wheat seedling was delivered, it could be pressed in time according to the situation, and the wheat seedlings were subjected to certain damage through pressing, which temporarily delayed the growth of wheat.
3, prosperous degree can be severely cut off roots. For the less prosperous wheat fields, deep plowing can be used to control the growth. The time was chosen for deep cultivating on a sunny afternoon before and after the beginning of winter, and the depth was about 10 cm. Through deep ploughing to cut off part of the root system, weakening the plant's absorptive capacity inhibits the growth of the aboveground part.
4, severely prosperous to suppress. For wheat fields that have a serious trend of jointing, they can choose to use the repressor 2-3 times in the sunny afternoon after the end of the childbirth and before the large freeze, so that some wheat seedlings are injured and prosperous.
In addition, attention should be paid to the prohibition of livestock infestation in wheat fields that are very prosperous, because the livestock indigo will uproot many wheat seedlings and cause many of the seedlings of the seedlings to be exposed. In winter, a large number of wheat seedlings will be frozen and die. (Zhaozhou Wuqiao Agricultural Bureau Zhao Fengjuan)
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