As we all know, strong plants have strong resistance to cold and stress, and they can withstand harsh weather for a long time. Therefore, in the winter greenhouse vegetable management, how to make full use of good weather, cultivate healthy plants, and enhance the resistance of vegetables. It is the key to determine the plant's robustness. Through years of practice, we believe that management should be managed around the following aspects.
First, keep warm and keep warm.
Insulation is mainly to maintain night temperature; temperature control refers to control of daytime temperature. Most vegetables grow at 25-30°C during the day and 13-18°C at night. In the morning, as long as the temperature of the shed does not drop by more than 1-2°C after the shed has been opened, the shed will be pulled up early; when the shed temperature reaches 28°C, ventilation is started, but the bleed outlet should not be too large. Generally, the gap of 10 cm in the tuyere is opened. can. At noon, when the temperature of the shed is higher than 32°C, vents should be widened to prevent excessive temperature and affect the normal development of vegetables. In the afternoon, when the temperature of the shed reaches 22-24°C, close the vent; when the temperature of the shed reaches 20°C or so, cover the rake in time.
Second, increase the lighting time and increase the light intensity.
Everyone knows that more than 90% of the vegetable production comes from photosynthesis. Therefore, in the winter when the sunshine hours are short, it is necessary to add light and supplement light to promote the operation of vegetable photosynthesis.
On the one hand, we should pay attention to the selection of non-drip films with good light transmission and long life (such as green bamboo EVA, Xifeng, etc.), and pay attention to frequent cleaning of the film surface, and always maintain the high transmittance of the film; It is also necessary to uncover the late cover as early as possible to maintain the temperature within the shed, so that vegetables in the shed can be seen earlier and more light to increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products. In addition, the reflective screen on the northern wall of the booth shall have a length equal to the length of the booth, and a height of 20-30 centimeters below the height of the ceiling shall be appropriate. It may also effectively improve the lighting conditions in the booth.
Third, strengthen the ventilation, humidity and ventilation.
In the deep winter, the greenhouses have a long time to close the greenhouses. Not only the humidity in the greenhouses is prone to disease, but also carbon dioxide deficiency and harmful gases are easily accumulated, which is not conducive to the growth of vegetables. Therefore, strengthening ventilation is still an important measure for vegetable management. In combination with temperature management, after opening the shed for an hour, the vent should be opened 5-10 cm wide and ventilated for 20-30 minutes. After the air vents were closed, the temperature of the shed was raised. This ventilation can not only eliminate harmful gases, but more importantly supplement the lack of carbon dioxide, which is conducive to the robust growth of vegetables. At noon, when the temperature of the shed is higher than 32°C, the bleed outlet is opened again, the purpose of which is to eliminate humidity and cool down.
Fourth, rational watering, sturdy and strong trees.
First of all, although the temperature is low and the ground temperature is low in the winter season, the greenhouse vegetable growth rate is slow and the demand for water is not large, but it is not appropriate to over-control the water. Because the demand for water is not high in terms of relatively high temperatures, greenhouse vegetables generally require more water. If the normal supply of water cannot be guaranteed, the normal growth of crops will be seriously affected. In the event that plant growth is affected, the resistance to disease and stress will be greatly reduced. Secondly, the key to water management is to coordinate the relationship between watering and raising the ground temperature and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. It is necessary to ensure the normal demand of vegetables for soil moisture and nutrients, and to maintain a suitable soil temperature, and to minimize the number of greenhouses. humidity.
Watering should be "three notes."
Pay attention to watering on a sunny day and make sure that there is fine weather for at least 2 days after watering. And watering should be watered in the morning. It should not be carried out at noon or in the afternoon. Therefore, when the water temperature is close to the ground temperature, the ground temperature will not be greatly reduced. At the same time, underground well water should be used for watering. The temperature of well water is generally about 14°C, which is conducive to maintaining a higher ground temperature in the greenhouse, and the water flow distance should not be too long.
Second, pay attention to watering methods. When watering, it is necessary not only to take into account the water demand of the vegetables, but also to consider the problem of humidity in the greenhouse. Therefore, it is advisable to use under-membrane watering for watering, and to pour small ditch and water.
Pay attention to management after pouring. On the day of watering, in order to restore the ground temperature as quickly as possible, the greenhouse is generally closed to quickly increase the indoor temperature. After the ground temperature is raised, the air is released to release moisture in time, so that the temperature is reduced to a suitable range. Such as cucumbers, watering the greenhouse after closing, so that when the temperature inside the shed reach 33 °C or so when the release of the wind, and the next day, we must continue to close the shed to raise the temperature.
Fifth, scientific fertilization, root expansion.
According to the different growth and development stages of vegetables and growth characteristics of the combination of watering for fertilization, but when fertilizing, it is necessary to use as little or no nitrogen fertilizer, so as to avoid gas or root damage. Such as the eggplant, cucumber and other vegetables that are in the final stage, can use 80-100 kg of Dayuan new fast gunners, 80-100 kg of fertilizer, and 100-50 kg of Yihao red fertilizer. Can be used to promote tree attack fruit type Fang Run (20:10:30) 10-15 pounds / mu for flushing. This can not only meet the needs of vegetable growth, but also play a role in increasing the temperature of the ground to promote root growth.
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