Maize physiological disease is a common disease in corn producing areas. Many causes of corn physiological disorders, mainly due to the lack of nutrients supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or trace elements, or by environmental factors (such as temperature, moisture), etc., especially in a large area to show widespread plant disease, resulting in reduced production . Some rural households regard the deficiency of the disease as a disease prevention and control, the effect is not good, and the input cost is increased. It is better to identify the deficiency of corn and carry out more effective prevention and control.
1. Symptoms: lack of nitrogen at the seedling stage: slow growth, short stature, yellowish-green leaves, and late priming; lack of nitrogen during the prosperous growth period; old leaves yellowing along the midrib from the tip of the leaf to the base of the leaf; the yellow part is “V†In the font, the leaf margin remained green and slightly curled, and it eventually died as a result of burning.
2. Control measures: Medium fertility corn fields generally use 165-195 kg of pure nitrogen in three applications, the first time in the seedling stage, and the application rate is 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied: the second time in the big During the trumpet period, the application rate accounted for 70% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied; the 3rd time in the tassel flowering stage, the application amount accounted for 10% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application.
Second, phosphorus deficiency
1. The lack of symptoms: The main symptoms of phosphorus deficiency are poor root development, slow growth at seedling stage, and apparent phosphorus deficiency symptoms after 5 leaves. The leaves are purple-red, the tips of the leaves are purple, and the leaf margins are curled, and the lack of phosphorus will also cause the filaments to pull out. Slow speed, resulting in male and female flowers infertility, affect pollination, and ear curling, ear lines are not uniform, full grain, often balding phenomenon, delayed maturity.
2. Control measures: In general, he applied 75 kg of phosphorus pentaoxide, all of which were applied together with nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage.
Third, potassium deficiency
1. Symptoms: When the corn lacks potassium, the roots are poorly developed, the plants grow slowly, the leaves are greenish and have yellow-green stripes. In severe cases, the leaf edges and tips appear purple, and then dry and burning. The middle part of the leaves is still available. Keeping green, the leaves gradually become wrinkled, and the plants appear to be thin, susceptible, easy to fall, bad ear development, baldness, and starch content in the grains is small.
2. Control measures: 90-120 kg of potassium oxide is applied on hectares, all of which are applied together with nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage.
Fourth, zinc deficiency
1. Symptoms: The severe deficiency of zinc in wheat results in the emergence of white seedlings. Its main characteristic is that at the 3-5 leaf stage of maize, white seedlings begin to appear. The young leaves of the petals are pale yellow to white, especially 2/3 of the leaf base. It is even more obvious that when the seedlings are old, the leaves appear tiny white spots, and they rapidly expand to form a partial white area or necrotic plaque. The leafy meat is necrotic and the leaves are translucent, like white silk or plastic film, and the wind breaks easily.
2. Control measures: The main methods for preventing and controlling zinc deficiency in maize are basic planting, seed dressing and spraying. Base plant is applied with 15-30 kg of zinc sulfate per hectare, mixed with fine soil, and thrown into the sowing trench or hole before sowing; 40 kg of seeds per 40 kg of zinc sulfate is dissolved in 0.5 kg of water and sprayed on seeds. The surface was air-dried and then sowed. The concentration of sprayed zinc sulfate solution was 0.2%. It was generally sprayed at the seedling stage and jointing stage, and the fertilizer solution was 750-1125 kg.
V. Phosphorus deficiency
1. Symptoms: Boron is characterized by underdeveloped roots, short plants, thinning of the veins between the upper leaves, white transparent striations, thin leaves, whitening, or even death. Growth points are inhibited, tassels are not drawn, and male flowers are prominent. Degeneration became smaller, resulting in shrinkage, degeneration of the ear, and an empty top grain.
2. Measures: Borax and boric acid can be applied by topdressing and spraying, and 7.5 kg/ha can be used to apply topdressing borax. The concentration of foliar spraying is 0.1% to 0.3%, and the most commonly used concentration is 0.2%.
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