Straw micro-storage technology is an effective method to improve the utilization rate of cattle and sheep for roughage. Only by properly understanding and using straw micro-storage technology can we achieve the expected benefits. Otherwise, it may cause varying degrees of losses.
The nutritional needs of animals are multi-layered, first with energy and protein requirements, then with minerals, vitamins, and other needs. If the cattle and sheep are only fed micro-feeds, compared with the original feeding of other feeds (such as feeding corn, alfalfa grass), the obtained nutrients are very unbalanced, the energy obtained is also reduced, and the production performance is greatly reduced. Therefore, animal diets need to consider the supply of various nutrients. Micro-feeds can only be used as an integral part of cattle and sheep diets.
Straw micro-feeds should be fed mainly of herbivorous animals, which can be used as the main roughage in livestock diets. They can be fed with other forages or fed with concentrates. At the beginning, livestock have an adaptation process to micro-feeds and should gradually and progressively increase the amount of micro-feeds fed. Usually the amount of feed per head per day is: cows, bred cattle, beef cattle 15 to 20 kg, Sheep 1 to 3 kilograms, horses, donkeys, and elk 5 to 10 kilograms.
In the present situation, the wintering sheep of infertile fertilizers generally do not meet the nutritional conditions for supplementing a small amount of concentrates. Therefore, when feeding micro-feeds, it is necessary to add additives containing minerals and non-protein nitrogen components, otherwise the animal is wasted. . Feeding micro-feeds under normal feeding conditions, each adult sheep needs to feed 50 to 150 grams of crushed corn, 150 to 200 grams of oil residue (such as sunflower cake, detoxicated cottonseed cake) and mineral-based additives every day. And a small amount.
Xinjiang has a long winter and low temperature, while micro-enclosed feeds have a large amount of use in winter. Because micro-preserved feeds have high water content and are easily frozen, they have a certain influence on the feeding of animals. Based on relevant experience, this issue can be resolved in the following two aspects.
One is to build a greenhouse. In cold weather, feed the cattle and sheep directly after removing the unfrozen micro-feed. The second is to take the frozen micro-feed into a woven bag and store it at room temperature over 10 degrees overnight before feeding the animal. The best way is to use winter plastic greenhouses to raise livestock.
The design and construction of winter plastic greenhouses can be found in "Rural Work in Xinjiang", 1996, No. 6, pp. 1-126.
Professor Qiu Qiujiang, the president of Xinjiang Agricultural University and an expert in animal nutrition research, developed six formulas for feeding cows and sheep using micro-reservoir according to Xinjiang's feed resources, existing breeding standards, raw material prices, and the capacity of farmers. For reference by farmers (see attached table).
Feed ingredient composition (%)
Formula 1
Formula 2
Recipe 3
Formula 4
Recipe 5
Formula 6
Micro-storage wheat straw, micro-storage straw
750
550
200
Micro corn storage
750
400
250
Crushed corn
50
50
150
50
300
Bran
300
50
Hay
50
200
350
30
50
200
Detoxified cottonseed cake or oil sunflower cake
150
200
150
50
50
Stone powder (limestone)
6
5
Urea
8
5
5
Trace element additives
+
+
+
+
+
Special additives
30
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