At present, the low slaughter rate, low carcass weight, low lean meat ratio, and unreasonable price of pigs and grains in the development of swine production seriously restrict the development of scale and intensification of the aquaculture industry. Local pig breeds in China are characterized by strong fertility and resistance, good flesh quality and gentle temperament. They can make heavy use of green roughage. However, the growth is slow, the slaughter rate is low, and the lean meat is low. The three-way hybrid pig has the characteristics of fast growth, high feed utilization rate, high lean meat percentage, and obvious economic benefits, and is suitable for promotion. Sanyuan pigs have internal Sanyuan pigs and foreign Sanyuan pigs. The internal three-way hybrid pigs mainly use female pigs from China's local breeds as female parents, and use the hybrid pigs whose foreign meat-type pigs are male as female parent, and then use the foreign pigs of imported meat breeds as terminal male parents. Produced by hybridization. All three yuan outside the use of exotic varieties of hybrid.
The breeding of Sanyuan pigs must master and utilize the growth and development of pigs, control the nutrition and environmental factors, adopt advanced feeding and management techniques, increase daily weight gain, reduce feed consumption and production costs. Focus on the following four production technology measures.
Buying pigs and Miao pigs in swine production, especially in the rearing stage of the swarm, often occur when the boar meets the mother to stay and see the seedling bite, and cannot be carefully selected. This is inconsistent with the requirements for scientific swine breeding. of. The following points must be observed when selecting breeding pigs and Miao Pigs: First, the purpose of introduction must be clear; Second, the introduced pig species must be adapted to the local environmental conditions; Third, it is necessary to understand the genealogy; Fourth, it is necessary to identify the good appearance; Pigs should meet the characteristics of breeds, and hybrid pigs should have good body conditions. The fifth is better appetite.
Post-weaning Piglet Management
1. Appropriate dietary nutrient levels The amount of crude fiber in the diet of hogs affects the daily gain and carcass leanness. Every 1 percentage point increase of crude fiber in the diet can reduce organic matter (or energy) digestibility by 2 percentage points and crude protein by 1.5 percentage points, resulting in a reduction in feed intake, a decrease in daily gain and thinning of back fat, and a reduction in lean meat percentage. rise. It is recommended that when crude dietary protein and digestive energy levels are normal: 20-35 kg body weight, crude fiber content is about 5%-6%, and 35-90 kg stage is 7%-8%, but should not exceed 9%.
2. Care at birth: The main task of this period is to ensure that the Miaozhu is born safely, to prevent the premature death of newborn pigs, suffocation, frozen death, and difficult sows of the sow, and to prevent and treat certain diseases of the Miao pig after birth. The Miao pig should be eaten in time. Milk, for the Miao pig to create a suitable temperature and humidity, clean and comfortable living environment.
3. Feeding and management after (twenty) days after birth, this period is when the peak of sow's lactation is about to decline, and the growth of piglets is faster, and the supplementary feed phase is needed. The main task is to allow the Miao Pig to feed the full-price nutritional feed as soon as the sow's lactation is reduced, supplementing the lack of sow lactation and the need for rapid growth of the Miao Pig. Days of care, especially care within three days after birth, the main task of this period is to fix the nipple, prevent the sow from being crushed or stepped to death, observe whether the piglet is diarrhea and other diseases, and timely treatment.
4. Feeding and management during weaning, after the weaning pig has been weaned, the nutrients for growth and development have changed, the physical aspects of the lead period have changed greatly, the resistance and immunity are reduced, and the disease is easy to attack. Therefore, it is necessary to create a good one for the Miao pigs. The environment and configuration of a reasonable feed for feeding.
5, feeding and management after weaning, the main task of this period is to maintain the growth rate of Miaozhu not affected, to protect the Miaozhu not sick, to prepare for fattening.
6, feed formulation: 20 ~ 60kg: corn 53%, fine rice bran 10%, high quality fish meal 2%, 16% soybean meal, wheat bran 15%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, 0.23% stone powder, salt 0.19%, additive 2.08% ( Including 486 mg of ferrous sulfate, 505 mg of zinc sulfate, 19 mg of copper sulfate, 6.8 mg of manganese sulfate, 0.24 mg of potassium iodate, 1.0 mg of sodium selenite, and various vitamins: vitamin A 1230 IU, Vitamin D 189 International Unit, Vitamin E 10 International Unit, Vitamin K 2.5mg, Vitamin B1 1mg, Vitamin B2 2.5mg, Niacin 13mg, Pantothenic Acid 10 mg, Biotin 0.09 mg, Folic Acid 0.57 mg, Vitamin B12 10 μg and Disease Prevention Promote the drug flavomycin 20mg. Less than 2.08%, with rough to make up).
Provide suitable environmental conditions
1. Suitable Temperature and Humidity Pigs of different weights require the most suitable temperature, weight 11-45kg 21°C, weight 45-90kg, shew temperature 18°C ​​optimum, and pigs weighing 135-160kg, Shervin 16 °C is the most suitable. When the temperature is too high, you can use shelters, showers, feed more cold water and juicy green feed and other measures to increase the pig's daily gain. When the temperature is too low, insulation measures should be taken to increase the temperature. Such as promoting the use of plastic warm pigshed and hedgegrass method.
2. Appropriate lighting conditions and ventilation time and light intensity are suitable. All pigs must be ventilated throughout the year. However, in the winter, the contradiction between ventilation and warmth must be handled properly. It is not only necessary to pay attention to keeping warm and neglecting the ventilation, resulting in bad air sanitation in the pig house, lowering of pig weight gain and increase of feed consumption.
3. Appropriate air components Pay attention to the greening of pig farms, timely remove and properly handle excreta, dirt, etc. to make the pig houses well ventilated and clean and disinfect pig houses.
Hog Feed Management Technology
Piglet castration
1, castration Currently in rural China, piglets are about 35 days of age, weight 5-7kg when castration, this time the weight is small, the operation easier to implement. In recent years, piglets are encouraged to castrate early (about 7 days of age) to facilitate surgical recovery.
Prevention of pig disease No. 5, etc.
2. The epidemic prevention is mainly to prevent infectious diseases such as pig disease No. 5, swine fever, swine erysipelas, and swine plague. At present, 20-55-70-day-old immunization routines are commonly used. The specific practice is to vaccinate piglets at 20 days after birth and repeat the vaccination of swine fever vaccine, swine erysipelas, porcine pulmonary plague, and paratyphoid paratyphoid vaccine at 55 days of age. 70 days of repeated vaccination of paratyphoid vaccine in piglets.
Remove parasites from pigs
3. The parasites of the insect-repellent pig mainly include internal and external parasites such as aphids, ginger bugs, cockroaches, and scorpions. The first time the insects are repelled at the age of 60 days, and the insects are repelled at about the age of 120 days. Common deworming drugs include levamisole, avermectin and traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations.
Feeding measures for piglets just after weaning
4. In the first month after weaning piglets were weaned, the young pigs are physiologically in a period of vigorous growth of bones and muscles, but the digestive function of the stomach and large intestine is not perfect. At this time, due to sudden changes in the living environment of the weaned piglets, some measures should be taken from the nutrition and management aspects to prevent the loss of milk larvae or the formation of stiff pigs. First, dietary nutrient levels should adopt the standard of hog early stage, but pay attention to the transition of feed conversion. The second is to conduct reasonable grouping. The third is to carry out the “triangulation†training of eating, excretion, and sleeping, so that it can establish conditional reflexes, which helps to keep the pigsty clean and dry and is conducive to pig growth. The fourth is to check the health status of the pigs every morning and afternoon, mainly to observe whether the feed intake, behavior and excrement of pigs are normal.
Appropriate herd size and stocking density
5. Appropriate herd size and stocking density In the case of the same land area per pig, the finishing period is preferably 10-16 heads, and no more than 20 heads. The size of the rearing density differs depending on the weight of the pigs and the ground structure of the pig house. Usually, as the weight of the pig increases, the number of pigs per pen is correspondingly reduced.
Rationally mix feed
6. Reasonably modulate the feed of mixed (mixed) feeds for feedstuffs of pigs, which are generally suitable for feeding, such as barley, corn, rice bran, etc., and have a high nutritional value. The physical state of the pig's compound mix influences the finishing effect of the pig. Granules feed pigs and they work well. Feeding dry powder, daily gain is better than feeding thinner. For feeding wet mixes, the daily weight gain is generally better than that of dry powders. The fattening effect of lean mash is better than thinner. (1:7 ratio of thick magma material to water, and 1:8 ratio of thin material to water) In pig breeding practice, what physical form of feed is fed depends on the type of feed, equipment, and feeding method. . If it is fed with green fodder, it should be washed and then fed. The effect of feeding with green and mixed (mixed) materials is good.
Suitable feeding times
8. Appropriate Feeding Times China's hog pigs are generally fed 3 times a day. Many existing pig farms and farmers have been fed twice a day, which is more appropriate. Feeding 2 times a day is scheduled in the early morning and early evening.
Several feeding methods
9. Feeding methods and feed methods for feeding pigs are generally divided into two types, free-feeding and limited-feeding. If both the increase in daily weight and the requirement for carcass lean meat, the combination of free-feeding and late-limit (energy) feeding can be used. Provide adequate and clean drinking water.
"One-stop" fattening method
10, the use of "one-stop" fattening method "one-stop" fattening method is also called the fattening method or straight fattening method. This method usually divides the whole finishing period of the pigs into three stages according to body weight: 20-35 kg in the early stage, 35-60 kg in the middle stage, and 60-90 kg or more in the later stage. Different nutrient levels and feeding techniques are used according to the characteristics of nutrient requirements in different stages of growth and development. This fattening method, the pig's daily weight gain is fast, the fattening period is short, the slaughter rate is high and the economic benefit is good.
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