I. Soil remediation
1. Soil selection and soil preparation Cultivation of tomatoes requires deep soil, fertile soil, good ventilation, convenient drainage, and strong water retention capacity. Sandy loam or clay loam with neutral or slightly acidic pH is preferred. In order to reduce soil infections and nematode damage, tomatoes should not be used as continuous crops. It is best to use paddy soils that meet the above requirements or soils that have not been sown in the last two years.
Prepare a tomato plantation. If there is free time after the harvest, you should plunge the soil 26-30 centimeters deep as soon as possible, and then deepen it once in a timely manner. 7-10 days before planting, you can start to work on soil preparation. More than one tomato planted in a double row, the width is generally 1.6 meters (baggage ditch), the requirements of the real under virtual turtle shape.
2, adjust the soil pH and Shiji Fei Hainan and other major melon vegetable production areas are mostly acidic soil, generally above the pH. Therefore, be sure to increase the soil pH before planting. Generally after the first turn to the ground, quick lime 80-100 kilograms should be sprinkled per acre, individual serious acid soil can also increase the amount of appropriate use.
The soil preparation must be combined with basal fertilization. The application method adopts the combination of paving and acupoint application. Because tomatoes are a kind of vegetables that need more fertilizer, and a reasonable ratio between various nutrients. According to the study, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole plant of tomato is N:P2O5:K2O=2.5:1:5, while the absorption rate of N and K2O in plants is 40%-50%; the rate of absorption to P2O5 is 20%; According to this conversion, the proportion of fertilization to the three elements should be 1:1:2. Therefore, the type of fertilization cannot be single, otherwise it will affect the fruit yield and quality. According to the author's many years of experimental practice, it can be proved that the cultivated tomato can be decomposed Organic compost, cake fertilizer, superphosphate, and compound fertilizer with high P were used as base fertilizer; the application rates per mu were 2000-3000 kg, 80 kg, 30 kg, and 40 kg, respectively. Among them, the cake compost and 50%-60% of the organic compost were thrown into the soil before the last site preparation. The remaining organic fertilizer, superphosphate, and compound fertilizer were thoroughly mixed and applied to the planting hole. In this way, both the need for early growth of nutrients and the prevention of premature aging are effectively prevented.
3. Coverage of ground-covered tomatoes for diversified cultivation can effectively increase ground temperature, maintain humidity, and control weeds, thus significantly promoting growth and increasing early yields. Before covering the mulching film, the soil surface should be crushed and leveled, and the colonization points after fertilization should be marked. The film should be carried out in sunny and windless weather. It should be close to the soil surface and tightly sealed around the soil.
Second, planting
1. The colonization period of tomato seedlings during the planting period depends on the size of the seedlings, ie the physiological seedling age. In general, high-quality, high-yield cultivation of tomatoes is suitable for middle-aged planting seedlings. Its standard is: seedling height is about 23 centimeters, 6-7 leaves, early buds. In all parts of Hainan, the standard for planting is reached, and the calendar seedling age is about 35 days.
2. The planting density is generally two lines in a width of 1.6 meters (one ditch), and the plant spacing differs depending on the species ripeness and pruning method. If you choose to use early maturing varieties and take a single pole pruning, each plant leaves 3-4 ear fruit, plant spacing 35-40 cm, 2200-2500 strains per acre; if cultivation late varieties, and take double pole pruning, plant spacing can be 43 -46 cm, about 1800 per mu.
3, colonization method Colonization should be selected in the sunny. For ease of management, seedlings should be classified and colonized. During the first half of planting, the seedlings should be poured with water once, so as to bring more soil and less root damage. The depth of colonization is appropriate at the level of the flat cotyledons, and the deep planting will affect the seedlings. If it is planting plastic film soil, the hole should be as small as possible. After planting, the planting hole should be sealed with a dome shape. The root water should be poured on the day of colonization; otherwise it will affect the survival rate.
1. Soil selection and soil preparation Cultivation of tomatoes requires deep soil, fertile soil, good ventilation, convenient drainage, and strong water retention capacity. Sandy loam or clay loam with neutral or slightly acidic pH is preferred. In order to reduce soil infections and nematode damage, tomatoes should not be used as continuous crops. It is best to use paddy soils that meet the above requirements or soils that have not been sown in the last two years.
Prepare a tomato plantation. If there is free time after the harvest, you should plunge the soil 26-30 centimeters deep as soon as possible, and then deepen it once in a timely manner. 7-10 days before planting, you can start to work on soil preparation. More than one tomato planted in a double row, the width is generally 1.6 meters (baggage ditch), the requirements of the real under virtual turtle shape.
2, adjust the soil pH and Shiji Fei Hainan and other major melon vegetable production areas are mostly acidic soil, generally above the pH. Therefore, be sure to increase the soil pH before planting. Generally after the first turn to the ground, quick lime 80-100 kilograms should be sprinkled per acre, individual serious acid soil can also increase the amount of appropriate use.
The soil preparation must be combined with basal fertilization. The application method adopts the combination of paving and acupoint application. Because tomatoes are a kind of vegetables that need more fertilizer, and a reasonable ratio between various nutrients. According to the study, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole plant of tomato is N:P2O5:K2O=2.5:1:5, while the absorption rate of N and K2O in plants is 40%-50%; the rate of absorption to P2O5 is 20%; According to this conversion, the proportion of fertilization to the three elements should be 1:1:2. Therefore, the type of fertilization cannot be single, otherwise it will affect the fruit yield and quality. According to the author's many years of experimental practice, it can be proved that the cultivated tomato can be decomposed Organic compost, cake fertilizer, superphosphate, and compound fertilizer with high P were used as base fertilizer; the application rates per mu were 2000-3000 kg, 80 kg, 30 kg, and 40 kg, respectively. Among them, the cake compost and 50%-60% of the organic compost were thrown into the soil before the last site preparation. The remaining organic fertilizer, superphosphate, and compound fertilizer were thoroughly mixed and applied to the planting hole. In this way, both the need for early growth of nutrients and the prevention of premature aging are effectively prevented.
3. Coverage of ground-covered tomatoes for diversified cultivation can effectively increase ground temperature, maintain humidity, and control weeds, thus significantly promoting growth and increasing early yields. Before covering the mulching film, the soil surface should be crushed and leveled, and the colonization points after fertilization should be marked. The film should be carried out in sunny and windless weather. It should be close to the soil surface and tightly sealed around the soil.
Second, planting
1. The colonization period of tomato seedlings during the planting period depends on the size of the seedlings, ie the physiological seedling age. In general, high-quality, high-yield cultivation of tomatoes is suitable for middle-aged planting seedlings. Its standard is: seedling height is about 23 centimeters, 6-7 leaves, early buds. In all parts of Hainan, the standard for planting is reached, and the calendar seedling age is about 35 days.
2. The planting density is generally two lines in a width of 1.6 meters (one ditch), and the plant spacing differs depending on the species ripeness and pruning method. If you choose to use early maturing varieties and take a single pole pruning, each plant leaves 3-4 ear fruit, plant spacing 35-40 cm, 2200-2500 strains per acre; if cultivation late varieties, and take double pole pruning, plant spacing can be 43 -46 cm, about 1800 per mu.
3, colonization method Colonization should be selected in the sunny. For ease of management, seedlings should be classified and colonized. During the first half of planting, the seedlings should be poured with water once, so as to bring more soil and less root damage. The depth of colonization is appropriate at the level of the flat cotyledons, and the deep planting will affect the seedlings. If it is planting plastic film soil, the hole should be as small as possible. After planting, the planting hole should be sealed with a dome shape. The root water should be poured on the day of colonization; otherwise it will affect the survival rate.
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