Green feed refers to the fresh stems and leaves of plants that can be used as feed, including natural pastures, cultivated pastures, field weeds, vegetables, aquatic plants, twigs and leaves. The rational use of green feed can save costs and improve the efficiency of farming.
1, timely castration. The nutritional value of the green feed varies with the growth of the plant. In general, the early nutritional value of the plant is high, but the yield is low. In the late growth stage, although dry matter production increased, the degree of lignification increased due to the increase in cellulose content, and the nutritional value decreased. Different types of green feed, different methods of use, different use of objects, the best use of time is not the same, grass is generally at the booting stage, legumes are in the early flowering to flowering period, direct fresh feed properly in advance, silage utilization and drying Haymaking can be postponed as appropriate. If it is used to feed pigs and rabbits can be appropriately advanced, feeding cows and sheep can be postponed appropriately.
2, strive for freshness. If green feed is directly fed to livestock and poultry, it must be fresh and clean. Because green feed has high water content, it is not easy to store for a long time, and it is perishable. If no silage or drying of hay is done, it should be fed in time, otherwise it will affect the palatability, and it can cause serious poisoning.
3, a reasonable match. Green feed is a good feed for livestock, but in general, the nutritional value per unit weight is not very high. At the same time, due to differences in the digestive system structure and digestive physiology of different livestock and poultry, the use methods are also different. Therefore, they must be different from others. The use of feeds to achieve the best results. For omnivorous livestock (such as pigs), green feed cannot be used as a main ingredient and can only be used as a supplementary material and in appropriate amounts. Growing and finishing pigs can generally substitute 10% to 15% of the concentrate (calculated as dry matter). The sow has a better feeding effect and can substitute 20% to 25% of the concentrate, and the piglets can eat freely. Grass-eating poultry (such as cattle and sheep) have a strong ability to use crude fiber due to their rumen and a well-developed cecum. The diet can be mainly green and green, supplemented with appropriate concentrates. The daily dosage of cattle is 20-30 kilograms per head, 2-3 kilograms of lamb at 2 to 4 months of age, 4 to 6 kilograms at 4 to 8 months, and 7 to 10 kilograms at 8 months of age.
4, guard against poisoning
(1) Preventing pesticide poisoning: For the green feedstuffs that have just been applied on the pesticide field, no feed is required. In order to prevent pesticide poisoning, it is generally harvested after 15 days.
(2) Preventing nitrite poisoning: For green feeds, especially leafy foods, if they are piled up for a long time and become moldy and spoiled, they are boiled in a pot or jar overnight after heating or boiling. Under the action of bacteria, the green feed contains Nitrate is reduced to nitrite and is toxic. Nitrite poisoning is very rapid and it usually dies in 1 day. Serious people die in half an hour. At present, poisoning occurs frequently in rural areas. When nitrite poisoning occurs, 1% of Melanin solution can be used for detoxification. The dosage is generally 0.1-0.2 ml per kilogram of body weight.
(3) Prevention of Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning: Green feed generally does not contain hydrocyanic acid, but some green feeds such as corn seedlings, sorghum seedlings, and pumpkin vines contain cyanogenic glycosides. If these feedstuffs are fermented by stacking or frosted and wilted, cyanogenic glucosides are hydrolyzed to form hydrocyanic acid and toxic under the action of special enzymes in the plant. In the case of hydrocyanic acid poisoning, 1% sodium nitrite may be injected in an amount of 1 ml per kilogram of body weight, and 1%-2% of melanin solution may also be used to detoxify 1 ml per kilogram of body weight.
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