Xinhua News Agency, Washington, May 20 (Reporter Lin Xiaochun) The issue of "cadmium rice" has caused great concern in China recently. Xinhua News Agency reporters interviewed Rufus Channy, an expert at the US Department of Agriculture’s Institute of Agriculture, an expert who had visited China many times and discussed with Chinese scientists about heavy metal pollution, on the health hazards of cadmium and standards for cadmium in rice. And related governance measures and other issues are answered one by one.
Q: What kind of harm does the excessive intake of cadmium in the human body bring?
A: Cadmium can damage the urinary system once it has accumulated in the kidney. The main manifestation of renal damage is proximal renal tubular dysfunction. This is not fatal, but it may slightly affect life expectancy. The premise of cadmium on the human body is long-term, large-scale absorption for several decades, so the prevention of proximal renal tubular dysfunction can protect people affected by cadmium contamination.
Q: Does cadmium pollution cause Japan's “disease†pollution incident in the 20th century?
A: It is not necessary to worry too much about the "painful disease" named after people's extensive attention due to the extreme joint and spinal pain. "Painfulness" is the earliest type of skeletal malacia that occurs in Japan. Only patients with proximal tubular dysfunction for many years experience "painful" disease, and the proportion is small. In Japan, an average of 300 people in 100,000 people who have long-term intake of cadmium have this disease. If the issue of cadmium in rice is better managed, no one will suffer from "painful pain" due to ingestion of cadmium.
Q: What type of population is more harmful to cadmium rice?
A: Compared to urban residents who emphasize diet balance, farmers living in paddy fields have greater health risks in this area. Because the staple food of farmers is usually self-cultivated rice, so more cadmium is absorbed. From a global perspective, cadmium-related diseases are often farmers living in rice production areas.
To this end, farmers should understand the concentration of cadmium in the local soil, and take some special measures to reduce the cadmium content of rice and protect its own health. The local government should also take relevant measures as soon as possible.
Q: Where does cadmium come from?
A: Generally, there are two major sources of cadmium in the human body: rice, and tobacco. Related studies have shown that each cigarette contains 1 microgram to 2 micrograms of cadmium, of which about 10% will be absorbed by the body. Cigarettes grown from tobacco grown on cadmium-contaminated soil are more harmful to humans. The cadmium in rice is also mainly from the soil, mainly because rice absorbs cadmium in the soil during the planting process. In addition, cadmium contamination may also occur during grain processing, but this has not yet occurred in European countries and the United States.
Q: Is there a uniform standard for cadmium in rice in the world?
A: The UN Food Standards Commission's regulation is that the cadmium content per kilogram of rice should not exceed 0.4 milligrams. Since there is no evidence that cadmium in food causes health problems in the United States, the United States has not established relevant standards. The EU stipulates that the cadmium content per kilogram of rice cannot exceed 0.2 milligrams, and hopes to further raise the standard to 0.1 milligrams. The relevant standard in China is also 0.2 milligrams.
Q: How to deal with "Cadmium rice" pollution?
Answer: It is very complicated to solve the cadmium pollution problem in China. The first thing to do now is to stop heavy metal cadmium emissions in related industries and ensure that the soil is no longer contaminated by cadmium. For example, China is the place where most of the world's nickel-cadmium batteries are produced, but related factories lack measures to control pollution. Cadmium in industrial waste gas and waste water eventually enters the soil, causing some rice production areas to suffer from widespread cadmium pollution. It is recommended that the Chinese government strengthen relevant management and law enforcement efforts.
In addition, some measures can be taken during rice cultivation to reduce the degree of pollution. This includes: adding lime and other substances to increase the pH of the soil; planting certain special types of rice, and their ability to absorb cadmium and arsenic is low; Chinese researchers have discovered some of these rice in the past 10 years; using bioremediation, planting Absorb cadmium-absorbing rice and similar plants to remove cadmium from the soil, which can be used for power generation after harvesting.
Before adopting the above measures, it is necessary to clarify which areas of China are contaminated by cadmium, so that tests can be conducted to see if special management or management measures are needed.
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