This paper comprehensively analyzes the climate and soil conditions of Yulin City, the morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, according to the purpose of selecting seedling, planting, packaging, transportation and planting and post-planting techniques from transplanting of seedlings and trees. The exploration of management combined with the actual situation in our city, summed up the transplanting techniques of Pinus sylvestris trees suitable for my urban area.
Key words Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica;transplantation technology;conservation protection and protection
In Yulin City, along with the improvement of people’s understanding of the improvement of the living environment, the promotion of urban afforestation, resistance to natural disasters, improvement of urban ecological environment, and harmonious coexistence between humans and nature have become an urgent need for people. Planting trees and strengthening management can achieve greening and beautifying results in a short period of time. Scotch pine is not easy to root, and transplanting large trees is not easy to survive. In order to improve the survival rate of transplanting large trees and survive, they will thrive. According to the weather, soil and other natural conditions in Yulin, and the actual conditions of social and economic development, combined with their own practical work experience, the technical requirements for transplanting and post-planting management of Pinus sylvestris trees are described.
1 Pinus sylvestris morphological characteristics Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv, also known as Hailar Song, Mongolian red pine. Pine family pine, large trees, trunk straight, rapid growth, strong adaptability, evergreen trees, tree height 15 m-25 m, maximum diameter of about 1 meter, canopy oval to wide oval, thicker old bark There is a longitudinal crack, dark brown, thin upper bark, brownish yellow or light yellow, thin peel off, annual branches pale brown, hairless. The 2-year-three-year-old branches are gray-brown, winter buds are yellowish-brown, and the leaves are 2 needles in a bundle, shorter and harder. The cross section of the leaves is semi-circular, with stomatal lines on both sides and fine serrations on the edges. Winter leaves turn yellow-green. The cones are long ovate, flowering from May to June, and fruit ripening from September to October.
2 Biological characteristics of Pinus sylvestris Pinus sylvestris are solitary and acidic soils with strong adaptability. The crowns are sparse and the needles are mostly concentrated on the surface of the tree. When the forest lacks lateral illumination, the trunk is naturally pruned quickly and the side sunlight is sufficient. Lateral branches and lush needles. It can grow well in nutrients, wind-depleted sandy soil and thin mountainous gravel soil. Excessive water is not conducive to growth, like acidic or slightly acidic soils.
Pinus sylvestris is cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, able to tolerate temperatures as low as -40 to -50°C, drought-prone, not demanding soil moisture, and can grow well on sand, with sparse crowns, sparse needles, and keratinized epidermal layers of needles. There are thicker parts of the meat, with stomata, and in the folds of the folds, the dry epidermis and the lower epidermis are thick, which reduces the transpiration of the aerial parts. At the same time, in the dry sand dunes, the main roots are generally 1-2 meters deep and up to 4 meters deep. The lateral roots are mostly distributed within 10 cm-50 cm of sand from the surface, and the root system spreads around to fully absorb the water in the soil.
3 Pinus sylvestris Transplanting Techniques Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations have been greatly developed. The Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica introduced in the northwest region is growing well. The cultivation of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the Yulin Sandy Land in Shaanxi Province, especially in the 1970s and 1980s, was a green and tree-lined plantation in the Dadunliang, Xisha, Yulin City, and the effect of windbreak and sand fixation was significant. Pinus sylvestris is not easy to root, and the survival rate of planting is low. In order to improve the survival rate of transplanted trees and management after planting, several key technical points are elaborated.
3.1 Selecting trees for directing into urban streets and parks, planting large seedlings, must be beautifully tree-shaped, uniform in size, free of pests and diseases, full of top buds, strong in tree vigor, and selected according to the purpose and requirements of transplanting before raising. The tree species in the selected area must be compatible with the biological characteristics of the tree species in the planting area and the environmental climate conditions in the planting area. According to the specification and quantity, the number of the plant shall be fixed before the planting, and the dead branches and the bad branches shall be trimmed to ensure that the trees are perfectly and neatly aligned, and the trunk shall be marked in the direction of the south, and the direction shall be the same after planting.
3.2 lifting, packaging, transportation
3.2.1 Preparations To ensure that the soil ball raised by the nursery stock is intact. It is better to choose loam with deep soil, less impurities and better fertility. It is not suitable to choose sandy soil, soil moisture content is too low, or high soil ball is easy to disintegrate, it is difficult to operate, generally the soil water holding capacity is 45% - 55% is appropriate. In case of sandy soil, it is necessary to select the seedling planting season and use the winter frozen soil transplant method.
3.2.2 Before raising the seedlings and raising the seedlings, use a straw rope or cloth rope to tie the crown up from the bottom of the tree. It is advisable to remove the thick soil around the trunk by using a continuous branch without affecting the operation.
1) Earth ball size: The size of the soil ball raised by the seedlings depends on the size of the seedlings. The diameter of the earth ball is 7-10 times of the DBH of the tree. If the earth ball is too large, it will be easy to scatter the ball. If it is too small, it will injure the root and affect the survival and growth potential after survival.
2) Sprouting: According to the size of the soil ball, lift 20 cm downwards from the outer diameter of the soil ball before lifting, then dig it diagonally to make the ball from top to bottom. Roots larger than 1 cm in diameter should be cut with pruning, and should not be cut with a tool shovel or other tools. To prevent vibration and earth ball spalling. In the process of raising seedlings, it is forbidden to forcefully push and pull the seedlings. In case of sandy soil, the earth ball is not easy to disperse and should be raised after freezing of soil in winter. Divide the seedlings three or four times, dig once and sprinkling water once to make the soil frozen, and then dig the seedlings solidly and pack and transport it in time after digging.
2.3.3 Packaging Earth ball packaging is to complete the earth ball in the process of shipment, reduce the excessive water loss of the seedlings, and improve the survival rate and adaptability. When the soil ball is dug to the top of the gyro and there is a small part of the connection, one person slowly tilts the trunk against the trunk, and the other shovels the bottom of the soil ball and the soil connection, and begins to wind the soil ball, each winding a circle. In the root stem around 90 ° and then wrapped around a circle, depending on the size of the soil ball so wrapped 8-20 laps, and then rolling the ball horizontally wrapped 5-7 laps, the rope knotted at the root of the stem, the soil ball binding density depending on the soil quality According to the size of the soil ball, in general, the soil with a better texture can be smaller, and the soil ball with a larger volume should be wrapped in a straw rope so as not to carry the ball in the process. At present, it is best to use sacks or straw curtains wrapped in earth balls, and then tied with straw rope or cloth rope.
2.3.4 Transport is generally no problem for short-distance transport. Long-distance transport should be carried out on a cloudy or nightly basis. Transport time should not exceed 24 hours. Otherwise it will reduce the survival rate of transplanting. When the trees are loaded, the tree canopies should be directed towards the rear of the car. Near the cab, under the earth ball, weave the grass curtain and fix the canopy with the rope on the carriage. It is required to be arranged in order to protect the tree shape. It is better to install a layer to prevent the earth ball from being crushed, but the transportation cost is higher. When the seedlings are transported, the trees less than 3 meters are lifted artificially, the trees of 3 m-5 m are used for scooters, and the trees of 5 m or more are selected to be loaded with cranes at places with convenient transportation, and the cranes cannot be used to load the places where the cranes cannot reach. .
3.3 Planting Technology
3.3.1 Planting season Scots pine trees can be planted throughout the year. Yulin area is mainly from the end of January to the end of April, and autumn is supplemented with 10-11, mainly depending on the soil ball condition, but the treetop grows vigorously. The period of transplanting should not be, mainly because it requires a lot of nutrients, water supply, damage to the root system will lead to tree water loss, new shoots burn, reduce the survival rate, affecting the overall beauty of the tree.
3.3.2 After the seedlings are planted and transported to the destination, they should be planted in time. The planting holes should be dug ahead of time. When the seedlings are large in quantity, trenchers or beating machines can be used. The packaging material should be removed or pressed into the pit, especially the straw, straw, etc., must be handled cleanly, otherwise a new fine root and its heat will burn the hairy roots, according to the direction of the right seedlings, the layers filled practical, so that the planting Soil ball and backfill soil are in close contact. Pay attention to the depth of planting so that the surface of the earth ball and the planting design surface are 10 cm lower. After the backfill soil is used, the depth of water storage is about 20 cm so as to facilitate watering and watering. The hole is watered around the soil ball to facilitate the osmosis, ensure the first water is poured, and the triangular seedlings are used to fix the main seedlings for transplanting large seedlings. In order to prevent the trees from attracting the wind and avoid tilting the trees, the shaking should be performed by two thirds of the tree body. Stabilize the tree and add a protective layer to prevent damage to the bark. After the planting, the water was poured in time. After 10 days, the water was poured for the second time. After that, the water was watered in time depending on the weather. Antifreeze should be poured before the winter starts. After the strong winds, cracks in the ground shall be promptly inspected and timely stepped on.
4 Post-plant management
1) After the trees are transplanted, the mulch on the tree plate can have the effect of warming, impounding and preserving the maggots. In order to improve the survival rate and growth of the big tree, the middle of the tree tray should be covered with the film to be low and high around, and the funnel type should have the best effect of rain collection.
2) Pruning is to ensure that Scots pine is beautiful, neat and consistent, and grows well. It does not affect the construction of public facilities and people's lives in the city. It is a necessary management technique. What measures should be taken depends on the greening site, location, and art. Shape and other specific purposes.
3) Fertilizer management is an important measure to ensure normal plant growth and resistance to pests and diseases. During the year after transplanting, it is watered every 2 months during the growing season. When fertilizing, the soil is thawed in early spring. Fertilizer is better.
4) Pest and disease control should follow the principle of “discover it in time, actively prevent and cure, and treat small diseasesâ€. After the discovery of pests and diseases in the growing season, it is necessary to organize and control the use of pesticides in time. In winter, the trunks should be painted white or sprayed with lime sulfur to eliminate the trunk eggs. Well. In the winter, straw ropes and twine can be used to wrap the trunks, which can play the role of heat preservation, cold protection and beautification.
5 Effectiveness survey To ensure the quality and benefit of the survival of Pinus sylvestris trees for transplanting, all links such as planting soil preparation, seedling transport, planting, and post-planting management are strictly managed. Using this technique, 1,600 trees were planted from 5-6 meters of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the forest park of Yulin Sandy Land. The survival rate was 98%. Dongshan Ecological Park in Yulin City was planted with 4-5 meters of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, the survival rate was 96.5%, and planting was 6- 7 meters of 300 pine trees, the survival rate of 97%.
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