First, bud management
After peach trees sleep at a low temperature of about one month, they can give germination and flowering by giving appropriate light, temperature and humidity.
1. Conditioning of lighting conditions
Peach is a very happy tree species. Under the conditions of facility cultivation, the light intensity is reduced to 60% to 70% under natural conditions. Therefore, as far as possible take measures to improve the quality of lighting in the shed. Clean the dust on the film frequently; in case of continuous rainy days, you can hang a reflective film on the back wall of the greenhouse; increase the light in the season when the winter and spring are insufficient.
2. Adjustment of temperature and humidity
The ground temperature at which the roots begin to move is 4 to 12°C, and the optimum ground temperature for growing is 18°C. Therefore, in cold regions, we must pay attention to increasing the ground temperature. We can first apply water and then cover the mulch. After the ground temperature begins to rise, the ceiling film can be heated.
During the budding period, the maximum temperature during the day does not exceed 28°C and the nighttime minimum is 0°C. The facilities mainly rely on sunlight to increase the temperature, and the temperature is controlled by opening and closing vents and covering quilts. From the bud to the flowering stage, the average daily temperature is maintained at 10 to 18°C. The maximum temperature during the day can reach 25 to 28°C and stays above 50°C during the night. The suitable daily average temperature is 12-15°C, and the lowest daily average temperature is not less than 8°C.
The method of adjusting humidity is divided into two aspects: soil moisture regulation and air humidity regulation. Soil moisture can be adjusted by controlling irrigation, and air humidity can be adjusted by ventilation. The appropriate relative humidity in the germination period is 70% to 80%. If the relative humidity exceeds 80%, ventilation can be used to reduce the humidity without affecting the temperature.
Second, flowering period management
1. Temperature and humidity control during flowering
The most suitable temperature during flowering is: daytime control at 18-20 °C, not more than 25 °C; night 5-7 °C. The average daily temperature is maintained at 12 to 14°C. The air humidity during flowering should be controlled at 50% to 60%, and it should be controlled below 60% after the flowering period. The method of controlling the humidity is to reduce the number of irrigation and ventilation. Cover the mulch with water before flowering, avoid irrigation during flowering, otherwise it will affect fruit setting.
2. Flowering pollination
Planting Peach trees must be equipped with pollinating trees when planting. The main measures are to place bees or artificially assisted pollination to increase knot strength and strive for high yields and stable yields.
1 Artificial pollination first collects pollen. 2 to 3 days before pollination, early flowering buds of various species were collected, anthers were picked, mixed and placed on glossy paper, diluted and dried, and the temperature was maintained at 20-25°C. One to two days later, the anthers began to pollinate pollen, and they were placed in a dry vial to protect themselves from light. Pollination occurs when the peach blossoms. The best pollination time is from 9 to 15 o'clock. The rubber head of the brush or pencil draws the pollen point onto the newly opened flower stigma. The flowering period in the facility is longer, generally 7 to 10 days. It is best to pollinate once a day or every other day.
2 The bees pollinate 1 to 2 boxes of bees per 667 square meters of sunlight greenhouses to obtain better pollination results.
III. Comprehensive management of fruit development period
1. Temperature
In this period, the temperature in the greenhouse should be 22 to 25°C during the day and 8 to 15°C at night, and ensure that the temperature does not exceed 10°C. If the temperature is too high, it is easy to stimulate the growth of new shoots, so that the vegetative growth will be strengthened and the reproductive growth will be weakened, leading to physiological fruit drop. In order to weaken the respiratory intensity of leaves and increase nutrient accumulation at night, a certain temperature difference must be maintained. During the night of March to April, some quilts or straw curtains still need to be covered to prevent the cold air from invading or the temperature is too low, causing damage to the peach trees, especially when the fruits are inflated and the temperature is too low after irrigation, which can easily cause cracking.
2. Humidity
In general, one or two times of water can be poured in combination with topdressing. Air relative humidity during fruit development should be controlled at 50% to 60%. Humidity is too high, which can easily cause new shoots to prosper, resulting in fruit drop and lightening of fruit flavor; at the same time, it will increase the chance of pests and diseases. The main measures to reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse are: 1 ventilation and ventilation; 2 less irrigation, in addition to the water before pouring a shed 1 times, after only pouring water; 3 on the ground to cover the film to reduce evaporation. When the air humidity is too low, it can be adjusted by ground irrigation and space spray.
3. Light
To increase the light intensity, first control the height of the shed to not exceed 3.2 meters, and then fill in the light by selecting high-quality greenhouse films, laying reflective film on the ground, controlling the amount of branches, and extending the curtain opening time, especially in the rainy days. Use scattered light. Scattered light has more blue-violet light, and blue-violet light is very good for preventing shoot length, increasing leaf chlorophyll content, sterilization, and enhancing fruit coloring. In addition, the greenhouse film should be cleaned once every 10 to 15 days. This has an obvious effect on increasing the light transmittance.
4. Fertilization
Near the hard nucleus stage and fruit expansion stage, 20 g of diammonium phosphate, 25 g of potassium sulfate, 30 g of urea and 30 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be applied to each plant. When the shoots of peach trees grow to 5 to 7 leaves, they are sprayed once every 5 to 10 days, and urea or diammonium phosphate is sprayed in the early stage. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and photosynthetic micro-fertilizers are used in the later stage to increase the color of the fruits. Ling et al. sprayed 0.2% calcium chloride once a week for 2 weeks to increase fruit firmness and improve storage stability.
Under protective conditions, carbon dioxide needs to be added. Usually, measures such as releasing dry ice, burning kerosene, hydrochloric acid reaction, and applying granular carbon dioxide underground are adopted. In addition, organic fertilizer should be added before the shed. Normally, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased to 900 μl/l, which can increase photosynthesis. However, if the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher than 1500 μl/l, it will cause harm.
5. Integrated tree management
One must focus on thinning fruit. Focus on removing late pods, small fruits, dense fruits, lush fruits, malformed fruits, and cluster fruits. Second, we must do a good job pruning. Note that proper early picking can effectively prevent physiological fruit drop. The fruit branch is tipped to 3-5 leaves, or with 15% paclobutrazol 50-100 times liquid. Sparsely eliminate fruitless branches. The second shoot stays only one, and the rest are sparse. At the same time, the upright branches, the dense branches, and some of the competing branches are promptly eliminated. Third, we must do a good job of pest control. During the fruit development period, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, and other bactericides were sprayed once every two weeks; in the later period, the locusts were mainly controlled and sprayed with insecticides such as acetanilide and imidacloprid. Fourth, to make the fruit see light. 2 weeks before the ripening of fruits, some new shoots are cut off, light conditions are improved, or the fruit branches at the bottom are hung so that the fruits can be seen and the fruits can be colored. Where conditions permit, reflective film can be laid underground.
Oxygen Cylinder,Oxygen Tank,Oxygen Bottle,O2 Tank
JIANGSU NEW FIRE FIGHTING TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.newayfire.com