Peanut is China's main oil crop. It has a certain planting scale in the north and is an indispensable economic crop for agricultural economic development and people's life. It plays an important role in agricultural production. Therefore, understanding the fertilizer requirement of peanuts and carrying out scientific fertilization is one of the main measures for producing high-yield and high-quality peanuts. At the moment, it is time for peanuts to use fertilizer, so today we will learn about the rules of peanut fertilizer and organic fertilizer application technology!
First, the fertilizer requirement of peanuts:
The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in peanuts is less than two, and there are many in the middle. During the whole growth process, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is: seedling stage, full fruit stage, less mature stage, flowering lower needle stage There are many pods. For each 100Kg pod produced, it is necessary to absorb pure nitrogen (N) 5.54 ± 0.68Kg, pure phosphorus (P) 1.0 ± 0.18Kg, pure potassium (K) 2.65 ± 0.55Kg, and calcium (CaO) 1.5-3.5Kg. The ratio of NPK fertilizer is about 5.5:1.5:2.6.
According to the fertility characteristics and fertilizer requirements of peanuts, combined with soil nutrient content, the average yield of 350 kg of peanut pods per mu is 19.3 kg of nitrogen, 5.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 9.1 kg of potassium oxide.
About 1 part of sulphur is required for each assimilation of 15 parts of nitrogen. Most of the nitrogen absorbed by peanuts comes from the nitrogen fixation of rhizobium, which accounts for about 70%. The application of phosphate fertilizer can promote the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobium. Potassium fertilizer also promotes the growth and development of peanut and the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobium, but The effect of applying potassium fertilizer to increase yield is not obvious, and it is effective in combination with phosphate fertilizer.
Peanut is more sensitive to medium and trace elements calcium, boron, molybdenum and iron. It is very obvious to increase the production of boron fertilizer in the needle stage. Molybdenum and iron are synthetic raw materials of ferromolybdenum in Rhizobium, which play an important role in the nitrogen fixation process. Calcium promotes the synthesis of proteins and amides in peanuts, reduces openness and increases pod fullness.
The fat absorption characteristics of peanuts are generally more in the middle and less in both ends. Due to slow growth and low nutrient intake during seedling stage, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium only accounts for about 5% of the total growth period of the whole growth period. The flowering period is the period of rapid growth of peanut plants. In this period, a large number of flowering cones and nutrients are needed. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early maturing varieties reached the maximum, accounting for more than half of the total amount of absorption. The absorption of potassium in the late maturing varieties was nearly half in the flowering stage, and the uptake period of nitrogen and phosphorus reached the highest, accounting for the highest. More than half of the roots have weakened absorption capacity at maturity and reduced nutrient absorption.
Second, the fertilization technology of peanuts:
1. Fertilization principle: organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied together. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro-fertilizers are reasonably matched, and the base fertilizer is applied and the appropriate topdressing is applied.
2, the application of base fertilizer: peanut based fertilizer is very important.
Due to the weak nitrogen fixation ability of rhizobium in the early stage of peanut, the fruit needle has been inserted into the soil in the middle and later stages, and the fertilizer is difficult to be applied. The sufficient base fertilizer can satisfy the supply of nutrients during the whole growth period of peanuts. The peanut base fertilizer should account for more than 80% of the total fertilizer, with organic fertilizer. Mainly combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and other fertilizers. The specific method of application varies with the type and amount of fertilization.
Generally, 2000Kg of fertilized manure per mu or organic fertilizer 12-45 organic fertilizer content 40KG-80kg, diammonium phosphate 15-20kg or superphosphate 40-60Kg, potassium chloride 5~6Kg, urea 4~5Kg, best phosphorus fertilizer When applied in combination with organic fertilizer, it can be mixed into the manure pit or pig pend in a ratio of 0.5% to 1%, or mixed with organic fertilizer, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer can be increased by 50% to 80% compared with direct application.
In addition, seed dressing with rhizobium can increase effective rhizobium and increase nitrogen fixation. In addition, seed dressing or soaking with 0.2-0.3% ammonium molybdate or 0.01-0.1% boric acid solution can supplement the trace elements needed for peanuts. Calcium application in calcium soil can promote root development, strengthen nitrogen metabolism, promote the formation and fullness of pods, reduce empty pods, and increase the rate of fruit filling.
3, topdressing skills
(1), lightly chasing seedlings:
Peanut seedlings need less fertilizer, but if the application of base fertilizer is insufficient or no base fertilizer is applied and summer peanuts are planted, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied appropriately to promote seedling emergence and flower bud differentiation. Generally, 3-4Kg of urea is applied per mu. For fields with sufficient base fertilizer and fertile ground, it is no longer possible to apply fertilizer.
(2), heavy chasing needle fertilizer;
Peanuts require more fertilizer during the flowering period. Insufficient nutrients in this period will cause poor plant development and should be chased in time. Generally, urea is applied to 5-6Kg per mu, diammonium phosphate 6-8Kg, potassium sulfate 5-6Kg or grass ash 50Kg. Promote more flowering of the peanuts, more needles, more results.
(3), skillfully chasing pod fertilizer:
Peanut podding period is the period with the most fertilizer requirement. If the fertility is insufficient, it directly affects the accumulation of dry matter and the development of fruit needles and pods, and premature aging. Topdressing should be carried out before the closure. In this period, the topdressing should be based on phosphate fertilizer, supplemented with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and generally applied 6-8Kg of superphosphate or 4-5K of diammonium phosphate.
However, the high soil fertility and excessive topdressing during the needle period caused the plants to grow long, closed prematurely, closed in the field, and the fruit needle could not enter the soil, reducing the rate of results. To control top dressing, spray acetamazole can be used to inhibit vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, and increase yield. Generally, 15% of paclobutrazol (35 g) is sprayed with 50 kg of water per acre.
(4), fill the leaf fertilizer:
1 Peanut seedling stage and flowering stage were sprayed with 0.1%-0.2% ammonium molybdate solution. According to the test, spraying molybdenum fertilizer in this period can increase production by about 10%.
2 0.2% borax solution is sprayed once in the peanut seedling stage, the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage to promote the flowering lower needle, which can increase the yield by 8%-15%.
3 During the whole growth period of peanuts, 0.2%-0.3% potassium diammonium phosphate solution can be sprayed several times to promote the robust growth of peanut plants, which can increase yield by 18%-25%. Especially in the full fruit period, it can promote the development of pods and has obvious effects of increasing yield.
4 In the late growth stage of peanuts, it is difficult to top up the fertilizer because the plants have been sealed. If the plants have de-fertilization, they can be sprayed with 1%-2% urea solution. It can prevent premature aging of peanuts and increase production.
This article URL: How to plant peanuts in 2017, how to use fertilizer to reduce the cost of peanut planting
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