I. Variety selection
Selection of low-temperature resistant, early maturing, high fruit set rate, strong ability of continuous fruit set, high yield, large red or pink, uniform fruit size, thick skin, hard texture, resistant to storage and transportation of unlimited growth varieties.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
(I) Selection of nursery substrate
The choice of nursery substrate. A good nursery substrate should be characterized by high permeability, drainage and buffering, high salt-based substitution, no eggs, no grass seed, no pathogens, light weight, and low cost.
At present, the matrix material used for plug seedlings, in addition to peat, vermiculite, perlite, cocobash, reed slag, mushroom residue, the leaves, sawdust, corn cob, etc. can be used as a matrix material.
(II) Seeding and Germination
1. Sowing period
The seeding period is from the beginning of October to October 20, and the seedling age is 30 days, and it is advisable to reach the clover. In order to ensure the formation of good flower buds, nursery methods should be adopted during the nursery period, with insulation as the main and supplemented with warming.
2. Seed treatment. Plug seedlings are sown in precision. In order to improve the quality of sowing seeds and promote uniform and neat seeds, seeds with seed germination potential greater than 90% should be used. Uncoated seeds should be seed-sterilized (in the same way as conventional nursery). For seeds with slow germination and low vitality, gibberellin, potassium nitrate, polyethylene glycol and other agents can be used for seed activation or drying for four hours.
3. Sowing amount
Each mus (100-millimeter extension greenhouse) is suitable for 2000 grains.
(III) Packing and Sowing Methods
Plug seedlings are divided into mechanical seeding and manual seeding. Mechanical sowing is further divided into automatic mechanical sowing and semi-automatic mechanical sowing. The fully automated seeding procedure includes plate loading, pressure holes, sowing coverage, and water spray. Before planting, adjust the machine and carry out maintenance so that each process can operate normally. If the accuracy of one hole and one grain exceeds 95%, you can receive better seeding quality. The difference between manual sowing and semi-automatic mechanical sowing is that one kind of seed is seeded by hand, and the other is mechanical sowing. The other work is done by handicraft industry. Manual work procedures are as follows:
1. Install the plate. First, the substrate pre-wet matrix should be prepared with a moisture content of 35-45%, and the prepared matrix should be packed in the plug tray. The matrix cannot be overfilled, and the compartments should be clearly visible after loading.
2. Pressure points. Put the matrix-packed tray vertically and put them together. Put 4 to 5 trays on top of each other. Place an empty dish on it. Place a similar size wooden board on the empty dish. Place both hands flat on the board and press down to the desired depth. As with conventional nursery, the depth of sowing depends on different crops, typically 0.6-0.8 cm.
3. Sowing and covering. Seeds are seeded in trays that are pressed well or seeded in a semi-automatic seeder, one per hole. Cover the vermiculite after sowing and pour it once.
4. Germination. Since the plug seedlings are mostly dry seeds, they can be germinated in the germination room in order to promote seed germination as soon as possible after sowing in winter and spring. If there is no germination room, the tray can be directly placed in the nursery greenhouse and covered with a plastic film to increase the temperature and maintain the moisture of the substrate to promote seed germination. 14 days at 25-28°C.
(IV) Management of seedlings
1. Water and fertilizer management. After sowing, pour once. After the emergence of the first true leaf grows, to reduce the substrate moisture content, excess water is easy to grow. Watering should be done thoroughly, otherwise the roots will not be tied downwards, and the roots will not be easily formed. Spray insecticide and fungicides before the seedlings are sprayed, and the seedlings are irrigated, so that the seedlings can be easily pulled out, and the seedlings can be prevented from dying due to lack of water during long-distance transportation.
The growth stage of seedlings should pay attention to supplement nutrients in time, and spray different nutrition according to the growth and development status of seedlings. One week prior to planting, water was properly controlled to carry out the hardening.
2. Temperature management. The germination stage after sowing is the period with the highest temperature during the nursery period above 28°C. After the seeds are over 60% of the soil, the temperature is properly reduced, but it still needs to maintain a high level to ensure that the seedlings are neat; when the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart Appropriately reduce the temperature, keep the seedlings growing at a temperature of 25-28°C.
The growth of seedlings requires a certain temperature difference, and the temperature difference between 8°C and 10°C should be maintained during the day and at night. During the rainy days, the temperature is low during the day and should be lower at night, maintaining a temperature difference of 2°C to 3°C.
3. Lighting management. Including light intensity and light hours, both have a great impact on seedling growth and seedling quality. Light conditions directly affect the quality of seedlings, winter and spring sunshine time is short, natural light is weak, cloudy light intensity in the greenhouse is even weaker. If the temperature conditions permit, strive for early release, late cover, extend the lighting time, plant growth lights in the plant, in order to ensure the seedlings need for light.
(five) seedlings, fill the seedlings
There will be cavitation in the plug tray. For this purpose, the first seedling needs to be filled with the first leaf.
(VI) Age-appropriate seedlings
The morphological characteristics are sturdy stalks, short internodes, dark green leaves, leafy stretches and thick, well-developed white roots, balanced development without pests and diseases, and physiological characteristics such as high dry matter content, strong assimilation, and well-developed stratum corneum in the epidermis. The water is not easy to evaporate and has strong adaptability to the cultivation environment. It has strong resistance to drought, good drought resistance and cold resistance, early flower bud differentiation of fruit seedlings, large number of flower buds, and good quality, strong root vitality, After the planting, the seedlings are quick, the flowers bloom at a proper time, and the fruit yield is high.
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