How is farmyard manure ripe? How long does it take for the farmer to get rotted? Greenhouse vegetables are planted every year because of the fact that the farmyard manure has not been fermented into the soil, and there are two main reasons for this. One is that the vegetable farmer’s manure is not fermented and the fertilizer is rushed into the soil. The second case is that the method of decomposing is wrong. According to expert surveys, the current types of farmyard manure used by vegetable farmers are: raw livestock manure, dry livestock manure, rice husk dung, etc. If one introduces the method of maturity of these farmyard manures, it is difficult for farmers’ farmers to quickly grasp them. Knowledge refining is easy to practice, let's take a look at some of the manure decomposing methods for practical examples.
Example 1: The farmer's fertilizer that has not yet been decomposed cannot be applied to the soil and the high temperature shack is carried out together with the chemical agent.
Mr. Shouguang Wang of Shandong often uses the purchased manure as the base fertilizer in the greenhouse soil, and then grows the vegetables after the high temperature shack in summer. Due to the heavy weight of the years, the soil-borne diseases are very serious. In the summer, it is necessary to use calcium cyanamide to suffocate the shed. Therefore, the farmer's fertilizer and the calcium cyanamide are used together for high temperature shacking. After the end, the tomato seedlings are planted, resulting in the burning of the seedlings and the occurrence of fat damage. Is this what is going on?
Viewpoint: In the summer, vegetable farmers will apply rice husk and chicken manure into the soil, and then combine with high temperature shack to promote the fermentation of manure. However, when the vegetable farmers use the lime-nitrogen shed, this is also a process of high temperature suffocation, but because the lime nitrogen reacts with water, it produces cyanamide and dicyandiamide. These two gases can not only be used in the soil. Root knot nematodes, pathogenic bacteria and other kills can also kill various beneficial bacteria in the soil and inhibit the fermenting and fermenting of manure.
That is to say, when using lime-nitrogen smoked shed, because the soil lacks microorganisms, it can not promote the fermenting and fermenting of manure. Therefore, after using lime-nitrogen smoked shed, the vegetable farmers should raise the temperature and swell again to promote the fermenting of manure. .
During the high temperature period in summer, the vegetable farmers can not immediately plant the vegetable seedlings after using the lime nitrogen shed. Instead, the film covering the surface of the soil should be removed first, and the gas in the shed will be discharged from the shed and then into the shed. Spray the biological fertilizer with fermenting function, then use the rotary tiller to turn the ground, mix the beneficial microorganisms with the manure, promote the fermentation and ferment of the manure, and ensure the complete fermentation of the manure applied to the soil after about 20 days. Decomposed.
At the same time, the experts also reminded the vegetable farmers that the pesticides such as methyl bromide and cotton mulberry used by the vegetable farmers are also destructive. They should be ventilated in time after the shed, and the harmful gas in the shed should be excluded from the shed, and then the biological fertilizer with fermentation function should be used in the shed. In combination with the high temperature shack to promote the fermentation of manure. That is to say: the farmer's fertilizer that has not been decomposed can not be applied to the soil and the high temperature shack is carried out together with the chemical agent.
Example 2: Rice husk manure has not been completely decomposed, harming the second sapling vegetable seedling
Mr. Liu of Liaocheng, Shandong Province has been planting cucumbers. The rice husk used in the upper shovel has not been fully decomposed and then applied to the soil, but the cucumber grows normally. When planting the second cockroach, in order to catch up with the farmer's fertilizer, the cucumber seedlings were planted, but there was a burning root and smoked seedlings. What did Mr. Liu do not understand?
The point of view: The fermentation speed of rice husk is very slow, because there is a layer of silica gel in the epidermis of rice husk. This layer of silica gel can prevent water from infiltrating into the interior. Only when the silicone grease on the surface of rice husk is decomposed, can the husk be absorbed. Sufficient moisture to quickly ferment and decompose.
However, last year, Master Liu used the rice husk in the soil without fermenting and decomposing, but did not affect the growth of vegetables. This is because the content of duck manure in rice husk is very small, and the rice husk is blocked by silicone grease. Insufficient water absorption, no fermented and decomposed, so the cucumber planted by Master Liu last year did not appear to burn roots.
However, as the microorganisms in the soil gradually decompose the silicone grease on the surface of the rice husk, it can absorb enough water and then ferment and decompose quickly under suitable conditions, thus causing the burning of the cucumber. Therefore, when farmers purchase rice husks, they must be fermented and cooked before they can be used.
When using rice husks, vegetable growers should buy them more than three months in advance, and then build up the fermentation. Because the microbes must first decompose the silicone oil on the surface of the rice husks to promote the water-absorbing and rot of the rice husks, the time for fermentation and decomposing should be relative. Longer. When the rice husk absorbs water and browns, it proves that the silicone grease on the surface of the rice hull has been completely decomposed, so that after 2-3 times of fermentation, the purpose of complete decomposing can be achieved, and the vegetable farmers can use it with confidence.
[Different state of manure has different fermenting methods]
Like liquid manure with high water content such as fresh pig manure and fresh chicken manure, the vegetable growers can be fermented and decomposed by the following methods:
First of all, the fermentation tank used by vegetable growers should not be too deep. The depth of the general fermentation tank is preferably 40-50 cm deep. I believe that many vegetable farmers have the experience that when the fermentation tank is dug too deep, the manure in the upper part of the fermentation tank has already been fully fermented. However, the manure in the lower layer is almost the same as when it was just purchased. This is because the liquid manure has a large water content and is breathable. The performance is poor, and the temperature at the bottom of the fermentation tank is low, which does not reach the temperature required for fermentation. Therefore, the manure in the lower layer of the fermentation tank cannot be fermented and decomposed, so the fermentation tank dug by the vegetable farm must be shallow, so that the heat in the upper part of the manure can be ensured. Go to the bottom of the fermentation tank to ensure the temperature required for fermentation.
Second, the upper part of the fermentation tank is covered with a film. If the vegetable farmer ferments the liquid manure in the open air, the temperature of the manure can not be effectively maintained, the temperature is slower, the fermentation time will be greatly prolonged, and the nitrogen loss in the manure will be caused, and some nitrogen loss can reach more than 60%. After covering the film, the temperature of the manure can be quickly increased to prevent the conversion of nitrogen fertilizer into gas loss.
Once again, adding proper amount of soil and weeds or biological agents to liquid manure can also promote fermentation. This is because the soil contains a large amount of microorganisms, which can accelerate the fermentation, and the soil and weeds can also utilize nitrogen fertilizer. To reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the organic matter in the fertilizer.
Finally, when fermenting liquid manure, the vegetable grower should also pay attention to the use of iron shovel to stir manure once every 5-7 days. The purpose of this is to increase the oxygen in the manure and promote the reproduction of microorganisms, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid fermentation; At the same time, the manure from the lower layer of the fermentation tank can be stirred to the upper layer, and the upper manure is stirred to the lower layer, thereby achieving a better fermentation effect.
Like dry manure such as rice husk, vegetable growers can ferment as follows:
When the vegetable farmers buy dried manure such as rice husk, they should add enough water like manure to make the manure wet, and then build the pile according to the bottom width of 1.5-2 meters, the upper width of 1.2-1.5 meters, and the height of 1-1.2 meters. The length of the pile is not limited, then use a wooden rod with a diameter of 6-8 cm at the top of the pile to punch holes, and deep to the bottom of the pile, a vent hole between 20-25 cm, and 6-7 lines at the top of the pile Ventilation, this is mainly to ensure that the manure has sufficient oxygen supply during fermentation, and then cover the old film for warm fermentation.
When fertilizing the manure, the vegetable grower should pay attention to using the thermometer to insert the temperature below 20 cm of the fecal surface layer, and maintain the temperature of the manure pile at about 60 °C, and then turn it over for 1-2 days. When turning over the pile, turn the manure from the outer layer of the manure pile into the dung heap, turn the manure from the inner layer to the outside, and pay attention to the position of the upper manure and the lower manure exchange, then build the ferment again, and pay attention to the manure supplement. Moisture, after 3-4 times of turning over, when the manure has no odor, it indicates that the manure fermented and fermented completely, and the vegetable farmers can use it with confidence.
At the time of fermentation, it should be noted that the temperature of the manure pile should not exceed 80 ° C, in order to prevent the high temperature from killing the microorganisms in the manure, and in severe cases, it will cause a pile of muddy phenomenon, resulting in failure of fermentation. When the manure is fermented and fermented, you can use it with confidence. There are many liquid fermentation organisms on the market today. If this organism is fermented, the fermentation time will be greatly shortened and the fermentation will be more complete. The specific method is very simple: spray the fermenting bacteria onto the surface of the dry manure when turning over the pile.
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