During the rice planting process, the lodging problem should be of great concern to many rice growers. Some rice lodging problems are related to rice varieties, and some rice lodging problems may be management problems. Let's take a look at how to prevent lodging in rice.
1. Types of rice lodging
There are two main types.
1.1 Roots:
Because rice plants are usually in deep water, the roots are poorly developed, the hair roots are less, the roots are shallow and unstable, the roots have poor support, and they are slightly affected by wind and rain, and they are prone to flat lodging.
1.2 Stem:
Due to the low cellulose content in the base of the stem, the cell wall is thinned, the tissue structure is soft, the stem is not strong, and the upper weight is not afforded, so that different degrees of lodging occur.
2. Reasons for rice lodging
There are eight main reasons.
2.1 Shallow layer:
The tillage layer is shallow, the root system is distributed on the surface layer of the soil, and the support force is easy to fall.
2.2 Implantation is too dense:
The transplanting is too dense, the field is sullen, the group is not well ventilated and light-transmissive, the light is insufficient, the stem grows weakly, the base is elongated, and the tissue is loose and easy to fall.
2.3 Improper fertilization:
One-sided re-application of nitrogen fertilizer, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, too late, excessive tillering during tillering, increased tillering, excessive leaf area at booting stage, premature closure, resulting in poor ventilation and light transmission, photosynthesis blocked, basal stem The stalk is weak and the support is small. After the jointing and heading, the stem section is long, which makes the stalk cell wall siliceous and easy to fall.
2.4 Long-term flooding and deep irrigation:
It leads to poor growth of rice roots, can not absorb nutrients in deep soil, can not grow robustly, and is prone to lodging.
2.5 Varieties are not resistant:
Varieties are an important cause of lodging in rice. Different rice varieties have different lodging resistance, short stems, short internodes, thick stems, erect leaves, short flag leaves and well-developed varieties are not easy to fall, and vice versa. Planting resistant varieties is the key to preventing rice from lodging.
2.6 Poor quality of seedlings:
The breeding is not standardized, resulting in thin seedlings, slow seedlings after transplanting, less tillering, weak growth of rice, easy to fall.
2.7 Improper pest control:
Rice sheath blight and bacterial base rot cause rice to grow weakly and fall down, and are endangered by pests such as Chilo suppressalis, which can also cause rice plants to fall.
2.8 Natural disasters:
From August to September each year, the rice filling period, accompanied by constant wind and rain, is also the weakest period of rice lodging resistance. The wind and rain are slightly larger, and disasters will be inevitable.
3. Precautionary measures for rice lodging
3.1 Variety selection:
High-yield and high-quality rice varieties with low plant height, compact plant type, thick stems and strong leaves were selected to enhance the lodging resistance.
3.2 Cultivate the strong:
The seedlings should be standardized, the seedbed management should be carried out strictly according to the Zhuangzi standard, and the seedlings should be bred and bred to achieve the goal of strengthening individual groups and strengthening the ability to resist natural disasters.
3.3 Reasonable planting:
Reasonable planting, constructing a reasonable group structure, ensuring a robust root system and photosynthesis area of ​​the aboveground ground, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, strong stem and leaf tissue, enhanced resistance to pests and diseases, and enhanced stalk resistance. .
3.4 Reasonable fertilization:
The combination of organic and inorganic, the principle of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus, rationally mix nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the former nitrogen, and pay attention to the technology of increasing the organic matter content of soil by “stalk carbonization and returning to the fieldâ€, and actively carry out soil testing and formula fertilization. Spraying liquid silicon fertilizer and ton Tianbao can effectively prevent rice from lodging.
3.5 Water Management:
"Shallow water transplanting, water-inducing, thin water, timely sun-dried fields, water-producing ears, dry and wet to yellow ripe." In particular, the sun-dried field, 4 times in the whole growth period, according to the long-field image of rice, the late stage of tillering for 2 to 3 days, re-dating at the end of the tillering, reducing the ineffective tillering, increasing the rate of ear formation, 5 days before heading and the heading Light sun, promote roots under the bar, to prevent lodging.
3.6 Pest Control:
Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases, seed coating before sowing, soaking seeds with pesticides, reducing the occurrence of disease at seedling stage. We will promote technical measures such as reasonable and dense planting, shallow water irrigation, application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and timely baking of rice to enhance the disease resistance of rice and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Strengthen the monitoring of pests and diseases, and achieve timely, symptomatic and efficient defense.
4. Remedial measures for lodging rice
4.1 Drainage:
In the field where the lodging occurs, the water in the field should be drained immediately, and the field should be kept dry and dry. Only when the field is dry and dehydrated, can the horse water be irrigated, and then drained immediately after filling to ensure smooth and breathable water, avoid pests and diseases, and make the best use of the upper rice ears.
4.2 Does not advocate the use of rice:
If the milk matures, there is no obvious effect of recovering the damage after the tie, and the rice can not be promoted, so as not to break the rhizome and cause secondary damage. If it is caused by root lodging and the degree of grain filling is less than 20%, the method of supporting the small amount should be adopted after the support, and it is necessary to prevent the root from breaking.
In the wax maturity period, the rice that can not be lifted after the lodging is raised, is good for preventing rice germination and mildew.
Yellow ripening period, after lodging, if the early-maturing variety reaches 95%, the rain is continuous and the drainage is difficult, it can be harvested in advance, so that not only the accumulated nutrients in the stalk are transported to the grain, although the rice yield is not high, the loss is about 5%. However, it can also be listed before the August festival. The price of rice is good and the disaster is reduced.
4.3 Prevention of pests and diseases:
Monitor and prevent pests and diseases in a timely manner, focusing on the prevention and treatment of sheath blight, stem borer and rice blast. For the control of sheath blight, pesticides such as Ai Miao, Xing Qu Ning, and methyl thiophanate are used. Ai Miao can prevent and cure a variety of diseases, and has a good promoting effect on rice growth and post-grouting, and is more effective in the affected fields. The phlegm and blood stasis occurs, and a systemic drug such as Regent is used.
4.4 Spray foliar fertilizer:
The rhizome of the lodging rice is damaged, and the ability to absorb water and absorb water is obviously reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the pest control to spray the foliar fertilizer to increase the functional period of the leaf, at the same time, improve the fertilization capacity of the foliage, prolong the filling time, and improve the fruiting. Rate and 1000-grain weight to maximize food production and economic benefits.
The above is the reason why the rice dumping and preventive measures are compiled by Huinong. I have learned it? If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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