Sleep-related therapeutic potential molecular targets appear

According to a neuroscience study recently published online by Nature magazine in the United Kingdom, a team of American scientists discovered that the level of protein phosphorylation in the brain may drive sleep desire. The study reveals the molecular basis of sleep needs and highlights potential molecular targets for sleep-related therapies. At the same time, it also allows people to take a step closer to revealing the mystery of sleep.

The circadian rhythm can make us perceive the change of the environment caused by the rotation of the earth and ensure our sleep, but this does not explain why humans need sleep. The theory holds that sleep can regulate the connection strength of neurons. Drosophila experiments have shown that sleep has a close relationship with its neuronal activity. Drosophila which has been deprived of sleep for a long period of time has a consistent reduction in its ability to respond to repeated stimuli. However, the molecular basis of this sleep demand remains unknown. Moreover, although fruit flies and mammals share a common basal sleep feature, this is still not confirmed in mammals.

Scientists previously believed that in mammals, the so-called "sleep-wake" cycle should be driven by a homeostatic mechanism that balances sleep needs and actual sleep time. In view of this, the research team of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center analyzed brain protein phosphorylation levels in sleep deprivation and Sleepy mutation mouse models. In the study they found that overall phosphorylation levels correlated with sleep needs. Sleep reduces phosphorylation levels, whereas prolonged arousal results in hyperphosphorylation and high sleep needs.

The team identified 80 proteins (mainly synaptic proteins) whose phosphorylation status changed according to sleep needs. The researchers said that this is very thought-provoking because synaptic plasticity is also related to sleep. According to the synaptic balance hypothesis, sleep gives synapses the opportunity to recover from their daily activities and maintain a balance. Therefore, phosphorylation of synapsin may be the key to maintaining synaptic balance and "sleep-wake" balance.


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