1 site selection
Choose a land with a convenient transportation, no pollution source, flat terrain, energy irrigation and drainage, sheltered wind, sunny soil, deep soil, and fertile soil, and a loam or sandy loam soil with a PH value of 4.5 to 7.5 (preferably 5.5 to 6.5). Generally, there are two ways to build gardens. One is to plant peach seedlings in spring as required by the construction of sheds, leaving the construction sheds, and building sheds in the fall. One is to build sheds first and cultivate peach seedlings in sheds.
2 species selection
In the selection of species, attention should be paid to the following requirements: Select high-yield and high-quality varieties with short trees, compact crowns, large fruits, storage and transportation, low light and high humidity, and high self-cultivation rate. Generally, peaches can be selected from Spring Snow and Chunyan; nectarine can be selected from Zhongyou No.4, Jinhui, Zhongyou No.16, etc.; Peach can be selected from early exposed peach, early oil, etc.
3 colonization
According to the tree shape to be adopted, different cultivation densities are selected, often 1m1m, 1m1.5m, and 1m2m, and greenhouses are mostly constructed from north-south construction sheds. Peach trees are planted using the east-west shed, and thinning is carried out according to the growth of peach trees in the later period. The first-stage strong seedlings with a height of 80 cm and a thickness of 0.6 cm or more are selected. The diameter of the planting hole is 35 cm or more and the depth is more than 35 cm. Immediately after the seedlings are planted, the water is poured and the water is infiltrated.
4 Soil and Fertilizer Water Management
The soil was covered with plastic film. The management of fertilizer and water was carried out according to the principle of “pre-promoting and post-controlâ€. That is, before July 20th in Dalian, fertilization and irrigation were carried out several times to promote the vegetative growth of peach trees. From July 20 to the end of August, water control fertilizers promote vegetative growth to reproductive growth and transformation.
After drying, the newly grown shoots were top-dressed at 20-35 cm, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and applied 25 g of urea. It will be applied every 15 days until July 5, and water should be poured after the application. Spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in early August. From the end of August to the beginning of September, apply high quality decomposed organic fertilizer or fungus fertilizer 10~15kg and add 0.5~1kg of trace elements to carry out autumn fertilization. About 10 days after warming, the top dressing was applied before flowering, and 150 g of compound fertilizer was applied. In the hard nucleus stage and fruit expansion stage, the special fertilizer for fruit trees or compound fertilizer was applied to 150 to 200 g.
The main watering depends on the situation, in addition to fertilizing before pouring water to warm up before pouring a water, but also pay attention to the water in the late fruit expansion should be a small number of times, even to prevent cracking.
5 pruning
Pruning needs to achieve the purpose of ventilation and light transmission. According to the structure of the greenhouse, the sides of the shed adopt a happy shape, and the middle adopts a trunk shape or a Y-shape. In principle, no side branches are left, and the result branches are directly generated on the trunk. Planting 40cm on both sides of the year to dry, the middle 50cm dry, the new branch germination elected to stay after the main branch, the remaining branches to be long to 30 ~ 40cm left about 25cm tip, promote new branches, new branches to 25cm, leave about 20cm tip. The pruning before warming is mainly based on thinning branches, and the dense branches, weak branches and diseased branches and branches are eliminated. After the fruit is set, as the fruit grows, the shoots need to hang, and the branches are dredged according to the situation to enhance photosynthesis and increase the fruit's taste. Pruning promptly after harvesting new branches, according to the structure of the tree and the size of space to determine the amount of leaving branches.
6Temperature and humidity management
6.1 Dormancy
Dalian enters low temperature dormancy in late October, and dormancy temperature is effectively within 0 to 7.2°C. When sleeping, it is necessary to determine the sleep mode according to the characteristics of the product and the time to be put on the market. If the natural sleep can not meet the requirements of the required cooling capacity, it can be forced to sleep. That is, the temperature during the day is higher than 7.2°C, the quilt is put down and cooled, and the shed is rolled up in the evening to ensure that the tree is dormant.
6.2 production period
After the amount of cold is satisfied, it is ready to warm up. The use of greenhouse cultivation to the quality and fruit size as the key indicators. During the mature period from April to May, the warming-up time can be calculated based on the expected harvest period and the fruit development period of the varieties. Warming takes a step-by-step approach, starting three days in the daytime at 15°C, then increasing it by 2°C daily, until reaching 25°C until 7°C at night, and humidity about 70% until flowering; during the flowering period, the temperature is 18～22°C, The minimum temperature at night is maintained at 8 to 10°C, the average temperature is 12 to 14°C, and the humidity is about 50%; the fruit growth period is 24 to 26°C and the humidity is about 50%.
7 Flower Management
Bees are generally used to pollinate and a box of bees is placed on one acre. It is advisable to release the bee at the best time for each tree to open one or two flowers. Artificial pollination can also be used, with small fans blowing flowers to promote pollination one or two times a day. You can also gently kick the trunk with your feet to promote pollen movement. The amount of fruit retained is determined according to the growth and development of the tree. Generally, 2 to 3 fruit branches are left long, 1 to 2 middle fruit branches, and 1 or less fruit is left in the weak branches.
8 Pest control
The incidence of pests and diseases in greenhouses is relatively small, mainly bacterial perforation, aphids, and spider mites. Based on biological control and physical control, we advocate biological control. According to the law of occurrence of diseases and insect pests and economic thresholds, scientific use of chemical control technology, effective control of pests and diseases. The incidence of perforation can be used 800 times bovine endophytin, aphids can be used 2000 times 5% imidacloprid EC, Red spider use 20% azoline suspension 2000 times solution or 73% gefilte 2500 times for control.
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