During the wheat sowing season every year, there are often various reasons for some wheat to be broadcast late. Especially this year, the heavy rains in September led to the delay in the ripening of autumn crops in most parts of the province, affecting the timely sowing of wheat. Late-sown wheat is often younger than before winter. After spring, heading and flowering are delayed, the maturation process is shortened, and the later stage is vulnerable to dry hot wind and rust. The 1000-grain weight is reduced, which has a great impact on the yield. Corresponding technical measures should be taken in production to overcome the impact of unfavorable factors.
Selection of weak spring varieties
The weak spring varieties develop fast, the growth period is short, the vernalization time is short, the young panicles differentiate and the filling speed is fast, and it is easy to become large ear, which is mature earlier and suitable for late sowing. The wheat varieties suitable for late broadcast in our province are Zhengmai 9023, Yanzhan 4110, Yumai 70 and so on.
Late-sown wheat should be applied to the base fertilizer, increase the application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and supplement the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote early seedling growth. It can apply 2~3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 2.5 kg of urea as seed fertilizer or superficial fertilizer. When the farmer's fertilizer is insufficient, 50-75 kg of cake fertilizer can be added. The organic fertilizer or ammonium bicarbonate should be ploughed and the phosphate fertilizer should be applied. The urea can be mixed with the seeds, but it must be uniform and not excessive, so as not to burn roots. Rotten buds.
Sowing in the middle of the night
Try to vaccinate as early as possible, plant the soil early, plant early, and send the farmer's fertilizer to the ground in advance. Implement the simple land preparation method, reduce the number of plowing, or plant the ploughing and ploughing, and strive for early and late. The amount of sowing can be increased to 12.5~15 kg per mu, and the basic number of seedlings is controlled at 200,000-300,000. The main stems are mainly spiked, and the tillers are supplemented with spikes, and more acres are obtained. Late sowing wheat germination sowing can promote early seedlings. The specific method is: soak the seeds in warm water at 20 °C ~ 30 °C for 5-6 hours, remove and dry for sowing, and shoot out 2 to 3 days earlier than dry seed sowing. . The wheat seeds can also be soaked in warm water of 20 ° C ~ 25 ° C for 24 hours. After the seeds are sucked into the water, they are taken out, piled up into a heap of 30 cm thick seeds, and turned several times a day. When the seeds are exposed, the seeds are spread out and dried for sowing. It can be seeded 5 to 7 days earlier than the seed of dry seeds. Appropriate shallow sowing, wheat can be emerged early, early tillering, is an effective measure to fight late seedlings, the sowing depth of about 3 cm. Late sowing fields are often rough and soil bridges due to the time of grabbing. The suppression can make the wheat seeds in close contact with the soil and protect the whole seedlings. Therefore, it is best to suppress after the sowing of late sowing wheat to promote the growth of late-sown wheat and enhance the ability to withstand disasters.
Strengthen management, promote more seedlings and more ears
According to the fertility characteristics of late-sown wheat, the key to promoting the early development of wheat early in the greening period is to raise the ground temperature, and the management focus is to suppress the plot.
After the wheat is up, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand, the growth is accelerated, the demand for fertilizer and water is increased, and the water and fertilizer is sufficient to promote tillering, more spikes, large spikes, and increased kernel weight. Generally, the late-seeding wheat topdressing period is suitable for the body-raising period. It can be combined with watering for 15-20 kg of urea per acre. If the phosphate fertilizer is insufficient, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied per acre. Wheat fields with good soil fertility, sufficient base fertilizer and strong growth of wheat seedlings can be postponed to the late stage of jointing and watering; late-sown wheat with insufficient population should be topdressed and watered in the late greening stage to promote spring tillering.
Late sowing wheat should be poured with grouting water to prolong the photosynthetic rate with high value duration to resist the damage of dry hot air and increase 1000-grain weight. In addition, attention should be paid to the control of wheat rust, powdery mildew and aphids.
The most cost-effective classification of seed dressing
One type of seedlings is strong seedlings, the second type and the third type of seedlings are weak seedlings of different degrees, and the Wang Miao is a large and long seedlings of the group.
A kind of seedlings, the total number of stems per acre before returning to green is between 600,000 and 800,000, the leaf color is normal, and the plants are robust. It can be combined with watering for 12 to 15 kilograms per mu in the jointing stage.
The second type of seedlings, the total number of stems per mu before returning to green is between 450,000 and 600,000, and the population is small. It should be combined with watering for 10 to 15 kilograms per acre in the wheat-producing period. Wheat fields with weak wheat seedlings and insufficient population can be topdressed and watered in the early stage from the beginning to the beginning of the body. The suitable wheat field should be topdressed and watered in the late stage.
The three types of seedlings, the total number of stems per acre before returning to green is less than 450,000, the leaf color is lighter and the growth is poor. The fertilizer and water management should be carried out in time. The spring topdressing can be carried out twice, the first time in the greening period, with the watering per acre. Topdressing urea 5 to 8 kg; the second time in the jointing stage, 10 to 15 kg of urea per acre with watering.
Wang Miao, before the return to green before the total number of stems per acre is more than 800,000, the leaves are dark green, there is a tendency to grow, should be cultivating and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application. In the late stage of jointing, urea is applied 8 to 10 kg per mu.
Control can be as early as possible
Seeding early, large amount of seeding, excessive fertilization, etc., are likely to cause the wheat seedlings to grow wild and the phenomenon of winterwang is serious. Winter wheat is prone to winter and spring damage, light dead leaves die, heavy frozen ears, easy to cause lodging in the middle and late stages, but also prone to disease, such as spring rainy, insufficient light conditions, easily lead to dry Diseases, powdery mildew, root rot and other diseases are prevalent.
How to determine if wheat is prosperous before wintering? Can be judged from individual form, group status and fertility indicators. Close to the wheat seedlings, the leaves are long and large, the leaf sheaths are long and thin, the pseudo stems are long and flat, the leaves are scattered, and the plants are tall; the distant view is lush, the wheat fields are closed and the ridges are not seen; the total number of stems is more than 700,000 Can be regarded as a long wheat field.
To control wheat before the winter, you can start from the following aspects:
1. Early tillage. In the wheat line between 6 and 8 cm deep, cut off part of the root system, reducing the absorption of nutrients by the roots to control the upper part of the ground.
2. Pour winter water at night. Winter irrigation is too early, because the temperature is relatively high, it can accelerate the growth of wheat seedlings, and it is easy to form wheat. The winter irrigation time of wheat fields is generally controlled before and after the light snow. The average daily temperature starts at 7 °C ~ 8 °C, and ends at 4 °C ~ 5 °C. The field standard is "freezing and freezing", which not only ensures the safe wintering of wheat, but also prevents wheat from prolonging.
3. Repression. Use stone mortar or machinery to suppress 1 to 2 times in frost-free weather after 10:00 in fine weather, temporarily delay the growth of wheat leaves and sheaths, control the excessive growth of tillers, and at the same time break the granules, bridge the cracks, and keep the heat and moisture. Promote root development. When suppressing, you should pay attention to one direction, and you should not repeatedly suppress it.
4. Chemical regulation. The use of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 40 ~ 50 grams, according to the ratio of water spray after dilution, so that the plant dwarf, the leaves become wider and thicker, photosynthesis enhanced, prevent the length, promote tillering, stem stem section becomes shorter.
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