To address the problem of toxic metal contamination in waste electronic products, the Hazardous Substances ( RoHS ) Directive specifies the maximum levels of cadmium, hexavalent chromium, mercury, and lead that are allowed in each electronic device. In order to meet the requirements of the RoHS Directive, the simplest and most efficient method is to use microwave digestion to prepare samples and analyze them using a full spectrum direct reading plasma emission spectrometer ( ICP-OES ). Although ICP-OES is not connected to the liquid chromatograph and cannot distinguish the different forms of the element, it is capable of measuring the total chromium content to determine if it exceeds the specified level. If the limit is exceeded, the sample can be further prepared and analyzed by other techniques.
This article will focus on how to use ICP-OES to analyze multiple sample types in electronic products to ensure compliance with RoHS directives and sample preparation considerations.
Given the wide variety of samples covered by the RoHS Directive, one-to-one evaluation is impossible. Therefore, we selected several representative sample types for analysis: plastics, wire insulation, solder, wires, and a circuit board. All samples were taken from discarded electronics except for the new solder. All samples were digested in a PerkinElmer Titan MPSTM Microwave Sample Preparation System. All analytical work was done using a PerkinElmer AvioTM 200 ICP emission spectrometer (axial mode).
Since the concentration values ​​specified in the RoHS Directive can be easily implemented for the Avio 200 's detection capability, shorter automatic integration times can be used to increase the analysis speed and sample throughput without compromising accuracy. Avio's unique Flat PlateTM plasma technology ensures that all analyses are performed with only 8 L/min of argon. Together with the improved efficiency of sample analysis, the amount of argon can be minimized.
In order to prove the accuracy of the calibration curve, after reading the calibration curve, the standard sample with a content of one tenth of the RoHS level (in solution) was directly analyzed. Table 1 shows the recovery, indicating that accurate results can be obtained at both low and high levels.
Table 1. Low and high content standard recovery
This paper demonstrates that the Titan MPS Microwave Sample Preparation System and the Avio 200 ICP-OES can quickly and accurately measure the elemental content of many types of samples covered by the RoHS Directive. As long as the acid is selected correctly, a single TitanMPS program can be used to digest many different types of samples, minimizing the sample preparation process for multiple types of samples covered by the RoHS Directive.
The recovery rate proves that the elements to be tested did not show significant loss and pollution during the sample preparation process.
For details, please click the Request Information button below.
Sofa
The sofa suitable for the elderly occupies an important position in the elderly furniture. It uses the combination of solid wood and fabric technology to achieve the most comfortable degree; The supporting parts, such as sofa feet and armrests, are made of solid wood. Generally, ash, oak, rubber, ash, pine, beech, walnut, teak, fir, camphor, elm, nanmu, cherry, maple, etc. are selected; The seat and backrest are made of high-density sponge with a density of 45, and the hardness should be 35 (high-density sponge is generally ≥ 45, the higher the density of sponge, the better the rebound performance; sofa hardness is generally 35, the higher the hardness, the better the compression ability), to prevent bedsore, and reduce the discomfort of the elderly waist, and the edge is chamfered into a round corner to prevent collision injury and meet the safety requirements; Protect waist and neck, meet ergonomic requirements and increase comfort. Proper height is conducive to use and support
TRUTECH CO., LTD. is an enterprise specializing in the research, development, production and sales of professional OTC products.The main products include shower chairs, armrests, toilet racks and toilet armrests, bedside armrests, elderly chairs and sofas, crutches and walking aids, knee pads, waist supports and other equipment.
Sofa,Adjustable Elderly Sofa,Recliner Sofa Leather,Sofa Chair For Elderly
TRUTECH CO., LTD. , https://www.trutechealth.com
