Cyclina sinensis (Gmelin) is a burial bivalve mollusc inhabited by intertidal silt or sand mud sediments. It has a wide distribution area and is a wide-temperature and wide-salinity variety. It is an important breeding economy for coastal China. One of the categories, the market demand, and can export foreign exchange. There are more than 50,000 mu of green barley breeding in Zhejiang Province, and the annual output is about 45,000 tons. The province has a long history of breeding barley in Yueqing City. However, the source of seedlings basically depends on the natural seedlings of other provinces, and natural seedlings are affected by climate and hydrology. Affected by such conditions, the apology and uncertainty, coupled with the depletion of seed resources in natural sea areas in recent years, the sources of seedlings are becoming increasingly scarce, which seriously hampers the development of the highland barn breeding industry.
In order to make up for the insufficiency of natural seedling resources and completely solve the problem of seedling shortage, it is necessary to carry out the productive development of artificial breeding of barley, which is of practical significance for adjusting the structure of the shellfish culture of the mudflat, increasing the cultured species, and promoting the development of efficient agriculture. . In recent years, the author successfully carried out the research on the artificial breeding techniques of barley in Yueqing City and carried out large-scale production. The relevant artificial breeding facilities and techniques of barley were summarized as follows.
First, the nursery facilities barley factory nursery production process.
1. Mechanical pumping facilities The type and quantity of the pump and the location of the water pump room need to be configured according to local conditions. It requires convenient maintenance and easy access to accessories. The maximum amount of water pumped per 1,000 m2 of nursery water can be as high as 600 tons. Water pipes and valves use ABS pipes and valves. Power uses diesel engine or electric motor.
2. The water tower is equipped with high water towers to maintain a certain potential energy. The water tower can play the role of dark sedimentation. It can use square or round steel-concrete structure without leakage. The bottom of the water tower has drainage holes for disinfection and cleaning. The total capacity of the water tower is 100t to 200t.
3. The sand filter tank is designed according to the conventional design and must have secondary sand filtration. The filtration capacity should be matched with the seedling scale, and it should be divided into two pools for use in turn.
4. The area of ​​spawning ponds, hatching ponds, nursery ponds, and nursery ponds ranges from 20 m2 to 50 m2. The design requirements are similar to those of the shrimp nursery ponds. The depth of the juveniles' attachment pools can be properly reduced to 40 cm to 50 cm.
5. The bait bio-pool bait bio-pool configuration should be adapted to the scale of nursery, generally the ratio of algae culture area to nursery area is 3:4, and the algae culture includes a level of Erlenmeyer flask culture, relay shrimp culture bag or plastic white barrel culture and large pool. to cultivate.
6. The water changing device can generally use a water changing cage, and according to the size of the larvae in each period, the nets with different meshes can be replaced.
7. Inflatable equipment select the appropriate type of Roots blower.
8. The submersible pump is configured according to actual production needs, wherein the equipment used in the bait room and the nursery room must be isolated.
9. The main instruments and medicines include microscopes, dissection microscopes, thermometers, pycnometers, counters, pH meters, illuminometers, screen meshes of various mesh sizes, and potassium permanganate, alcohol, iodine, bleach, and penicillin.
Second, artificial breeding technology
1. The choice of pro-shellworm requires 1 to 2 years of age to reach sexual maturity, the specification is 50 capsules/kg, choose strong, strong and tight shell muscles, complete non-invasive shell surface, no disease, good fatness, full gonads The green bark was pink in females and light yellow in males. Barley breeding period is from July to August each year. The maturation of the prone cells can be judged according to the fullness and appearance color of the gonads. Observed under the microscope, the egg size is neat, the blastocysts disappear, the cytoplasm distribution is uniform, and the sperm is in seawater. The middle and lively activities can be used as a standard of maturity. The pro-beets of industrialized seedlings can be selected from natural sea areas or shrimp ponds.
2. Fertility can generally be induced by dry and water-stimulating methods to induce sperm-egg emissions. Place the pro-scallops in a cool and ventilated place, dry for 6 hours to 12 hours, and then place them in the spawning pond and add water to stimulate the eggs. Pump water supply flow 100L/min ~ 200L/min, running time 1 hour.
3. Fertilization and Incubation Normal conditions for fertilization, water temperature 26°C～28°C, salinity 20‰～27‰, pH 8.0, D-shaped larvae hatched in 16 hours, larva size 100 shares m90μm, hatching density can be controlled at 30. /mL～50/mL.
4. The selection of larvae breeding 1 can be used to judge the quality of D-shaped larvae according to whether the D-shaped larvae's hinge is straight or not. The upper larvae with strong floating ability can be selected for breeding seedling production. 2 The larvae were cultured at a density of 10 cells/mL to 20 cells/mL, and the water quality conditions were as follows: water temperature 26°C to 30°C, salinity 20 to 27, pH 8.0 to 8.6, DO> 5 mg/L, NH4+, - N<0.05 mg/L, EDTA 3 ppm to 5 ppm, and penicillin 0.5 ppm. Change the water every morning and evening, change the amount of water every day by 30% to 50%, every 3 days to 5 days to remove the pool once. The D-shaped larvae used as the open-feed bait organisms were selected as golden algae and entered the top of the shell and could be fed with Chaetoceros edulis. The top of the crust could be fed with Platycladus, and the amount of algae feeding was 30,000 cells/mL to 100,000 cells/mL. The amount of algae fed was 20,000 cells/mL to 50,000 cells/mL. Platyclades fed a quantity of 10,000 cells/mL to 30,000 cells/mL, and mixed algae feeding or alternate feeding was better. It is fed 2 to 3 times daily and adjusted appropriately according to different developmental stages of the larvae and the fullness of the gastrointestinal tract. Daily management requires periodic inspection of larval vigor and growth, maintaining continuous aeration, proper shading, and light intensity of 5001x to 10001x is appropriate to prevent overgrowth of algae in nursery ponds and affect nursery. 3 Attachment of metamorphosis, after 3 days to 4 days of incubation, the average size of planktonic larvae is 120 μm and 110 μm. At this time, the newborn foot forms into the planktonic larva stage. After 4 days to 5 days of culture, the face plate gradually falls off and begins to gradually change from planktonic life. For the cricket crawling, the argillaceous attachment base should be placed at the bottom of the pond. The specific method is to take the non-polluted sea mud, after the sun exposure, bagging and use, add water before use, boil, filter with a 200-mesh sieve, even spilled in the attached pool, the formation of a 5mm ~ 10mm soft bottom sedimentation in the pool Mud bottoms.
5. The nursery culture is generally cultivated after about 10 days. The juveniles are formed into the single-tube stage after the water outlet pipe is formed. The average size is 300μm and 320μm. After two months of incubation, the two-pipe period can be entered. At this time, the inlet and outlet pipes are flexibly stretched. The tentacle at the base of the water pipe stretches significantly. The average size of the larvae is 560 μm and 600 μm. 1 The cultivation density should be 2 million grains/m2 to 3 million grains/m2 before the double water pipe period. It will be gradually reared according to the production conditions, and the rearing density will be 300,000 grains/m2 to 500,000 grains/m2. . 2 daily management, changing more than 80% of the daily water, shading, aeration, fed twice a day, mixed feeding various species of monoptera, feeding amount to gastrointestinal fullness prevail. 3 Washing the seedlings and seedlings of the sieve seedlings, washing the seedlings once every 7 days to 10 days, using different mesh sieves to remove the dead shells, and repeatedly use the hand to gently chop the shells until they are clean and free of debris. To facilitate its growth. In addition, different sizes of juveniles were sifted and sifted at regular intervals using different screens to facilitate simultaneous growth.
6. After the pond has been cultivated for about 30 days, the length of the shell is about 1mm, and the seedlings can be emerged timely according to the needs of farmers. When the seedlings emerged, the pool water was drained, and the pool bottom juveniles were washed out with seawater, collected through a 80-mesh sieve, and repeatedly washed with panning to count dry weight.
3. Examples Using the existing muddy nursery facilities, on July 12, 2004, 60kg of pro-shellfish was selected from Dongshan natural breeding area of ​​Yueqing City for artificial oxytocin production and 1.5 billion pieces of fertilized eggs were obtained. After hatching, they were cultivated until July 16th. The average size of the larvae was 120 μm and 110 μm, and they began to accumulate, and they were cultured until the single-pipe stage. The average size of the juveniles was 300 μm and 320 μm, and 870 million juveniles were counted. On July 15th, 90kg of probiotics were hatched from Puqi shrimp pond in Yueqing city. After oxytocin production, hatching, and cultivation began on July 18, metamorphosis began, and the number of juveniles was 1.14 billion.
To sum up, in 2004, a total of 2,010 million juveniles of single-tube juveniles were cultivated, and the average size of juveniles in single-tubes (outlet tubes) was 300 μm and 320 μm. After a half-month or so incubation, the average size was 560 μm and 600 μm or so. Double-pipes can be seen. (Outlet pipe and inlet pipe), this is a double pipe period, and at this time, the tentacles at the base of the pipe are stretchable. The number of double pipe juveniles is 1.25 million grains and the specification is 5 million grains/kg. The total production is 250kg. The juveniles were raised artificially for more than two months in the room, and a total of 146,000 grains/kg of green juvenile juveniles (average size 2 mm to 3 mm) were cultivated to 121 million grains by the time of acceptance.
In order to make up for the insufficiency of natural seedling resources and completely solve the problem of seedling shortage, it is necessary to carry out the productive development of artificial breeding of barley, which is of practical significance for adjusting the structure of the shellfish culture of the mudflat, increasing the cultured species, and promoting the development of efficient agriculture. . In recent years, the author successfully carried out the research on the artificial breeding techniques of barley in Yueqing City and carried out large-scale production. The relevant artificial breeding facilities and techniques of barley were summarized as follows.
First, the nursery facilities barley factory nursery production process.
1. Mechanical pumping facilities The type and quantity of the pump and the location of the water pump room need to be configured according to local conditions. It requires convenient maintenance and easy access to accessories. The maximum amount of water pumped per 1,000 m2 of nursery water can be as high as 600 tons. Water pipes and valves use ABS pipes and valves. Power uses diesel engine or electric motor.
2. The water tower is equipped with high water towers to maintain a certain potential energy. The water tower can play the role of dark sedimentation. It can use square or round steel-concrete structure without leakage. The bottom of the water tower has drainage holes for disinfection and cleaning. The total capacity of the water tower is 100t to 200t.
3. The sand filter tank is designed according to the conventional design and must have secondary sand filtration. The filtration capacity should be matched with the seedling scale, and it should be divided into two pools for use in turn.
4. The area of ​​spawning ponds, hatching ponds, nursery ponds, and nursery ponds ranges from 20 m2 to 50 m2. The design requirements are similar to those of the shrimp nursery ponds. The depth of the juveniles' attachment pools can be properly reduced to 40 cm to 50 cm.
5. The bait bio-pool bait bio-pool configuration should be adapted to the scale of nursery, generally the ratio of algae culture area to nursery area is 3:4, and the algae culture includes a level of Erlenmeyer flask culture, relay shrimp culture bag or plastic white barrel culture and large pool. to cultivate.
6. The water changing device can generally use a water changing cage, and according to the size of the larvae in each period, the nets with different meshes can be replaced.
7. Inflatable equipment select the appropriate type of Roots blower.
8. The submersible pump is configured according to actual production needs, wherein the equipment used in the bait room and the nursery room must be isolated.
9. The main instruments and medicines include microscopes, dissection microscopes, thermometers, pycnometers, counters, pH meters, illuminometers, screen meshes of various mesh sizes, and potassium permanganate, alcohol, iodine, bleach, and penicillin.
Second, artificial breeding technology
1. The choice of pro-shellworm requires 1 to 2 years of age to reach sexual maturity, the specification is 50 capsules/kg, choose strong, strong and tight shell muscles, complete non-invasive shell surface, no disease, good fatness, full gonads The green bark was pink in females and light yellow in males. Barley breeding period is from July to August each year. The maturation of the prone cells can be judged according to the fullness and appearance color of the gonads. Observed under the microscope, the egg size is neat, the blastocysts disappear, the cytoplasm distribution is uniform, and the sperm is in seawater. The middle and lively activities can be used as a standard of maturity. The pro-beets of industrialized seedlings can be selected from natural sea areas or shrimp ponds.
2. Fertility can generally be induced by dry and water-stimulating methods to induce sperm-egg emissions. Place the pro-scallops in a cool and ventilated place, dry for 6 hours to 12 hours, and then place them in the spawning pond and add water to stimulate the eggs. Pump water supply flow 100L/min ~ 200L/min, running time 1 hour.
3. Fertilization and Incubation Normal conditions for fertilization, water temperature 26°C～28°C, salinity 20‰～27‰, pH 8.0, D-shaped larvae hatched in 16 hours, larva size 100 shares m90μm, hatching density can be controlled at 30. /mL～50/mL.
4. The selection of larvae breeding 1 can be used to judge the quality of D-shaped larvae according to whether the D-shaped larvae's hinge is straight or not. The upper larvae with strong floating ability can be selected for breeding seedling production. 2 The larvae were cultured at a density of 10 cells/mL to 20 cells/mL, and the water quality conditions were as follows: water temperature 26°C to 30°C, salinity 20 to 27, pH 8.0 to 8.6, DO> 5 mg/L, NH4+, - N<0.05 mg/L, EDTA 3 ppm to 5 ppm, and penicillin 0.5 ppm. Change the water every morning and evening, change the amount of water every day by 30% to 50%, every 3 days to 5 days to remove the pool once. The D-shaped larvae used as the open-feed bait organisms were selected as golden algae and entered the top of the shell and could be fed with Chaetoceros edulis. The top of the crust could be fed with Platycladus, and the amount of algae feeding was 30,000 cells/mL to 100,000 cells/mL. The amount of algae fed was 20,000 cells/mL to 50,000 cells/mL. Platyclades fed a quantity of 10,000 cells/mL to 30,000 cells/mL, and mixed algae feeding or alternate feeding was better. It is fed 2 to 3 times daily and adjusted appropriately according to different developmental stages of the larvae and the fullness of the gastrointestinal tract. Daily management requires periodic inspection of larval vigor and growth, maintaining continuous aeration, proper shading, and light intensity of 5001x to 10001x is appropriate to prevent overgrowth of algae in nursery ponds and affect nursery. 3 Attachment of metamorphosis, after 3 days to 4 days of incubation, the average size of planktonic larvae is 120 μm and 110 μm. At this time, the newborn foot forms into the planktonic larva stage. After 4 days to 5 days of culture, the face plate gradually falls off and begins to gradually change from planktonic life. For the cricket crawling, the argillaceous attachment base should be placed at the bottom of the pond. The specific method is to take the non-polluted sea mud, after the sun exposure, bagging and use, add water before use, boil, filter with a 200-mesh sieve, even spilled in the attached pool, the formation of a 5mm ~ 10mm soft bottom sedimentation in the pool Mud bottoms.
5. The nursery culture is generally cultivated after about 10 days. The juveniles are formed into the single-tube stage after the water outlet pipe is formed. The average size is 300μm and 320μm. After two months of incubation, the two-pipe period can be entered. At this time, the inlet and outlet pipes are flexibly stretched. The tentacle at the base of the water pipe stretches significantly. The average size of the larvae is 560 μm and 600 μm. 1 The cultivation density should be 2 million grains/m2 to 3 million grains/m2 before the double water pipe period. It will be gradually reared according to the production conditions, and the rearing density will be 300,000 grains/m2 to 500,000 grains/m2. . 2 daily management, changing more than 80% of the daily water, shading, aeration, fed twice a day, mixed feeding various species of monoptera, feeding amount to gastrointestinal fullness prevail. 3 Washing the seedlings and seedlings of the sieve seedlings, washing the seedlings once every 7 days to 10 days, using different mesh sieves to remove the dead shells, and repeatedly use the hand to gently chop the shells until they are clean and free of debris. To facilitate its growth. In addition, different sizes of juveniles were sifted and sifted at regular intervals using different screens to facilitate simultaneous growth.
6. After the pond has been cultivated for about 30 days, the length of the shell is about 1mm, and the seedlings can be emerged timely according to the needs of farmers. When the seedlings emerged, the pool water was drained, and the pool bottom juveniles were washed out with seawater, collected through a 80-mesh sieve, and repeatedly washed with panning to count dry weight.
3. Examples Using the existing muddy nursery facilities, on July 12, 2004, 60kg of pro-shellfish was selected from Dongshan natural breeding area of ​​Yueqing City for artificial oxytocin production and 1.5 billion pieces of fertilized eggs were obtained. After hatching, they were cultivated until July 16th. The average size of the larvae was 120 μm and 110 μm, and they began to accumulate, and they were cultured until the single-pipe stage. The average size of the juveniles was 300 μm and 320 μm, and 870 million juveniles were counted. On July 15th, 90kg of probiotics were hatched from Puqi shrimp pond in Yueqing city. After oxytocin production, hatching, and cultivation began on July 18, metamorphosis began, and the number of juveniles was 1.14 billion.
To sum up, in 2004, a total of 2,010 million juveniles of single-tube juveniles were cultivated, and the average size of juveniles in single-tubes (outlet tubes) was 300 μm and 320 μm. After a half-month or so incubation, the average size was 560 μm and 600 μm or so. Double-pipes can be seen. (Outlet pipe and inlet pipe), this is a double pipe period, and at this time, the tentacles at the base of the pipe are stretchable. The number of double pipe juveniles is 1.25 million grains and the specification is 5 million grains/kg. The total production is 250kg. The juveniles were raised artificially for more than two months in the room, and a total of 146,000 grains/kg of green juvenile juveniles (average size 2 mm to 3 mm) were cultivated to 121 million grains by the time of acceptance.
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