US Scientist Develops "Viral Transistor" with Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Computer viruses and cell phone viruses are a headache. Biologically important viruses may be used to create new types of transistors, making them more powerful. American scientists have used the tobacco mosaic virus to create "virus transistors" that switch very quickly.

The switching speed of a transistor is directly related to the speed at which the chip processes information. If a large number of "viral transistors" can be integrated into a chip, the performance of electronic devices can be greatly improved. For example, it takes a few milliseconds for a digital camera to display a photo, and the time required to use a new chip can be reduced to microseconds.

Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles, recently reported in the British journal Nature Nanotechnology that they coated nanometer-sized metal platinum on the surface of tobacco mosaic virus with a length of about 30 nanometers (one nanometer to one billionth of a meter). The particles, on average, have approximately 16 platinum particles per virus surface. The virus is then embedded in a polymer-made grid, and the grid is placed between the two electrodes to form a "sandwich" structure similar to a normal transistor.

After applying a voltage to this “viral transistor,” each platinum particle releases one electron to the protein on the surface of the virus, causing the transistor to switch to the “on” state. If the voltage drops below a certain level, electrons jump from the protein back to the platinum particles, turning the transistor "off." In this process, the charge moves only about 10 nanometers and the time required is only 100 microseconds.

This achievement is still a long way from making a practical chip. Scientists say they are studying how to connect multiple "viral transistors" and hope to develop a sample of millions of "viral transistors" within four years.

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