Barracudas, also known as "meat sticks" and "red-eyed oysters," are precious new varieties of brackish water in the coastal areas of China. In recent years, provinces and cities such as Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai have used mudflats and inland river ponds, and the area of ​​artificially cultivated barracudas has reached more than 2,000 hectares, with an average of more than 750 kilograms of fish per 0.067 hectare. The barracuda ecological habits and artificial propagation techniques are summarized below:
(I) Ecological habits Barracudas mainly inhabit the estuaries and harbors, and have the habit of entering freshwater for food along rivers, and have obvious phototaxis and tropism. Barracuda adapts to the salt range of 0--38‰ and can survive in seawater, brackish water, and inland freshwater lakes. Barracudas can normally feed in waters at water temperatures of 3-35°C. The most suitable water temperature ranges from 12 to 25°C. When the water temperature is below -0.7°C, death occurs. In the breeding season of barracuda, China's Bohai Bay is usually from the end of April to the beginning of June every year, while the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang are from the beginning of April to the middle of May. The sexually mature age is generally 2 - 3 years old for males and 3 - 4 years for females. The females generally have between 1.5 and 6 million eggs. The wild barracuda weighs more than 10 kilograms. Barracudas regularly gather each year to spawn in harbors, estuaries, and beach ports. From early June to the end of July, the juvenile barracudas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are very rich, and they enter the river entrance to feed in groups. This is the best time for artificially harvesting wild fish species.
(2) Artificial breeding of selected broodstock should be carried out during the arrest of the adult fish in the autumn. It requires strong physique, no injury, no disease, and no abnormality. The stocking density of broodstock is generally 80--100 pieces per 0.067 hectare. Before the broodstock enters the pond, excessive silt and wild fish should be removed. After entering the pond, organic fertilizer should be applied to the pool to promote the reproduction of plankton. However, the water quality should not be too fat. Usually, the transparency of the water body is kept about 25 cm. At the same time, feeds should be properly fed to ensure normal growth and development of broodstock. In particular, strengthen the intensive cultivation in autumn and spring. The salinity of the broodstock culture pond is generally about 10 ç›. Barracudas that are formed in fresh water or in low-salinity water below 3 , must undergo a “salt water transition†before urinating, that is, when the water temperature rises in the spring, the mullet is moved into a pool with a salinity of about 10 , or gradually poured into the pool. High salinity of seawater to increase its salinity. During the spring intensive cultivation, fresh water must be added to the pool regularly to regulate the water quality, improve the oxygen status of the pool water, and promote the reproduction of plankton to facilitate the gonad development of the broodstock. Barracuda artificial oxytocin, we must first select the genital hole at the thick milky white semen of male fish, while the female is the abdomen enlargement of the soft and strong elastic sense, red genital hole slightly protruding is the most ideal. Use the oviduct to insert into the gonad of the female. Take the eggs from the ovary and observe with the naked eye and the microscope. If the eggs are beige, full and shiny, there is a translucent circle around, the diameter of the eggs is 0.6 mm or more, and the adhesion between the granules is loose. , Into the water, stir to spread, you can choose to use broodstock.
The proportion of males and females that spawn broodstock is generally 1:1.5, and the water temperature should be controlled between 15-22°C. The hormones used in the production of barracuda are mainly pituitary fish or barracudas, with doses of 15–30 mg/kg body weight; or use of chorionic gonadotropins 3000–3500 IU; luteinizing hormone may also be used 100--300 micrograms. The above-mentioned oxytocide can be used alone or in combination. General injection 1--2 times. Mature eggs for artificial insemination were observed under a microscope to be round, plump, transparent and with 1 oil ball.
One point of seawater was placed on the mature semen and observed under a microscope, and the quality of sperm migration was highest. The salinity of the hydrostatic hatching should be above 15 ,. The salinity of the flowing water should be 7 ‰ -13 ‰, the pH is 7 -9 9 and the water temperature is 14 -24 24 CC. The water used for hatching should be filtered to prevent debris and predators from entering. At present, hydrostatic hatching, flowing water hatching and aerated hatching are generally used. Barracuda at 14 - 24 °C, hatching time is generally 35 - 56 hours.
(3) The larvae hatched from the fingerlings are bred. After 4 to 5 days, the yolk sac is reduced, the fish can swim flat, and the fish can open for food. At this time, the fry can be moved into the nursery pond for cultivation. Per 0.067 hectares can be used to deliver 70,000 - 80,000 fry. In the early stage, mainly soya-bean milk was used for fertilization and splashing. In the later period, bean cake paste was directly fed and fed twice a day. The feed was splashed in the shallow water around the pool. After one month of feeding, when the barracuda seedlings reached 3-3.5 cm, the nets can be trained and the ponds can be cultivated in time. For the cultivation of fingerlings, 6000--7000 tails can be released per 0.067 hectares, and natural fish caught in the year can be cultivated into 12- to 18-cm fingerlings. Barracuda can be mixed with crustaceans such as prawns, base tail shrimps, and green prawns. Low salinity seawater or freshwater pools can be polycultured with freshwater fish, but they must not be polycultured with ferocious carnivorous fish such as blackbirds. Barracuda feed can be fed to rice bran, wheat bran, bean cakes, peanut cakes, cotton kernel cakes, and vegetable cakes or chicken manure, and can also be fed with compound feeds. Feeding the feeds requires “Four Setsâ€: Firstly, we must set up a feed station that is adapted to the stocking density in the rearing ponds. The area for the feeds should be around 50 square meters, or the hard bottom should be selected for placement. The second is timing. Normally, it is fed every morning at 8-9 o'clock in the morning and at 3-5 o'clock in the afternoon. The raw material is first cast in the mix of clams and cakes. The third is quantitative. The amount of feed to be fed depends on the number of fish, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and other factors. However, the amount of fine material is usually 1%--1.5% of the fish's body weight, coarse material is about 10%, and no more than 15%; the fourth is qualitative, and the feed to be fed should be high-quality, fresh, and free from pollution. The day-to-day management of barracuda is very important. Always keep the exchange water open and the safety of water inlets and outlets to prevent rats from biting and blocking. Before and after the tide and strong winds, pay attention to the inspection of the pond facilities.
Barracuda is very resistant to disease and rarely finds disease in large areas. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases, it is mainly prevention. When fingerlings are released, they should be disinfected and strengthen the management of early water bodies to control the occurrence of other freshwater fish diseases. Every month from April to October, 20 kg of lime are used every month. Sprinkle once near the fish food table to effectively prevent body surface fish diseases. From the beginning of July to the beginning of August, use oxytetracycline 1 per 100 kg of fish. Grams or sulfaguanidine 10 grams, mixed feed in the feed, once a day, even fed 5 days, can effectively prevent the body of fish disease.
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