Abstract: Winter corn is a kind of off-season grain cultivation. It takes a lot of hard work to achieve high yields and high quality. The planting of winter corn not only uses the winter free fields, but also can get very good economic benefits. Temperature, seeding, fertilization, and field management are all very demanding. This article explores a number of production experiences from years of demonstration and promotion. 1Choose a suitable planting area; 2Choose a good seed and plant it at an appropriate time; 3Appropriate close planting to ensure full seedlings and scientific fertilization; 4Scientific irrigation and careful management of four links.
Key words: winter maize, variety selection, sowing time and sowing, field management Liuku Town is a typical mountain agricultural town with steep hills and steep slopes. The town has a total of 31131.1 acres of arable land, including 27233.6 acres of dry land, accounting for 86.5 of the total arable land. %. But only the riverside is really suitable for planting winter corn, because the winter corn is sown from late October to November of the same year and harvested from April to May of the following year. Winter corn is afraid of frost. If it is frosted during the growing season, if it is light, the yield will be reduced, and if it is heavy, the grain will not be harvested. Therefore, the winter corn must be selected in the frost-free area, and the elevation needs to be planted below 1200 meters and in the low-heat valley area. In 2009, I stood there. Over 500 mu of land are planted in Yuejin Bridge, Wutang, Xincun and other places, which is a considerable economic benefit in the production of Xiaochun. To grow good winter corn, the following technical measures must be taken care of:
First, choose a suitable planting area should be selected with winter warmth, year-round frost-free, good light conditions, low-altitude river valley areas. Soil selection is favorable to irrigation conditions of sand soil and loam soil. These soils have good fertility and strong water retention, which is conducive to the good growth of corn seedlings.
Second, species selection and appropriate sowing date are determined according to the growth and development of the selected winter corn and local climate characteristics.
1. Variety selection The high quality of winter corn must use the fine varieties with dense planting density to exert the high yield factor of the dense planting of winter corn. The planting is based on the premise that it does not affect the planting of spring planting, and the early, mid-maturing and stress-resisting conditions should be used as far as possible. High-quality corn varieties, such as Yunyou 196, Yunrui 8, Yunrui 9, No. 4 conferences, sweet soup series, Zhadan series, etc.
2. Grasp the seeding period Due to the low temperature in winter, winter sowing maize has a prolonged growth period of 20 to 30 days than that of summer sowing maize. In addition, to grasp the local occurrence and duration of low temperature, the maize pollination period must miss the local minimum temperature period. So as not to cause poor pollination and yield reduction. The varieties with longer growth periods were sown earlier, and those with shorter growth periods were delayed sowing, avoiding low temperatures and seizing high yields. At the same time, they had no effect on the summer sowing of crops. According to the meteorological data, the lowest temperature in the low-altitude valley of our county has been in the middle and middle of January. The monthly average temperature is 14°C and the extreme minimum temperature is about 5°C. In order to make winter corn less or not be affected by freezing, winter maize sowing should be considered comprehensively and it is generally selected from October to November. Corn seeds are sunned for 1 to 2 days before sowing to increase seed germination rate.
III. Soil preparation and sowing At present, most of the land for planting winter corn is rice fields. Regardless of the tightening of the season, we must adhere to intensive cultivation to improve the quality of sowing. The field must be deeply ploughed, so that the land is well soiled and the ditches and gutters are excavated to facilitate irrigation. Appropriately increase the seeding rate, shallow shallow cover soil, ensure that the seedlings are full, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang. Sowing Specifications: Adopt wide and narrow rows to regulate cultivation, corn width 80 cm, narrow row 33 cm, plant spacing 20 cm, draw lines to open sowing trenches according to sowing specifications, conduct direct seeding, put the fertilizer evenly into the sowing ditch, cover the fertilizer with fine soil , and then sowing according to sowing specifications, sowing 2 per pond, Dingmiao 1 required to ensure a reasonable density of about 5500 per mu. Last cover film. When the film is covered, the film must be tight, and the film must be compacted with soil around it, and no leakage can occur. This ensures that the seed will grow neatly and at the seedling stage.
Second, field management
1. Irrigation and promotion of seedlings: If the soil is too dry after sowing, the seedling water should be poured once to make it reach the seedlings. In the middle and later periods, irrigation should be performed according to the soil moisture content.
2, timely membrane ruptured seedlings: 5 to 7 days after sowing, began to check the emergence of seedlings, seedlings grow to 3 to 4 leaves when the film ruptured, the seedlings carefully passed out of the membrane, and with fine soil compaction of the base film of the seedlings, Put seedlings in a timely manner to avoid burning seedlings at high temperatures. ,
3, snoring in addition to phlegm: general winter maize seedlings about 20 days before delivery, if not removed in time, will compete with the main stem of the fight for water, consume nutrients, affecting the growth and development of the main stem. Therefore, it should be checked at any time and it is found that the tillers are removed in time to ensure the normal growth and development of corn.
4, top dressing: the first time dressing, 15 kg of urea per acre, top dressing time should be 5 days before and after the beginning of spring, combined with cultivator soil, weeding, irrigation. The second top-dressing was carried out during the big bell-mouth period, with 20 kg of urea per acre, combined with cultivator soil.
5. Pest control: pests mainly pay attention to the prevention and control of corn borer and aphid, and can choose to use wolfberry or anti-influence to prevent and treat; the disease mainly pays attention to rust and big spot, small spot, and rust uses 15% of triadimefon 50 grams to water 50 Kilograms, spray control; large and small spot use carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl for prevention.
Third, timely harvest to achieve nine yellow and ten receipts (fresh corn can be listed during the milk season)
Key words: winter maize, variety selection, sowing time and sowing, field management Liuku Town is a typical mountain agricultural town with steep hills and steep slopes. The town has a total of 31131.1 acres of arable land, including 27233.6 acres of dry land, accounting for 86.5 of the total arable land. %. But only the riverside is really suitable for planting winter corn, because the winter corn is sown from late October to November of the same year and harvested from April to May of the following year. Winter corn is afraid of frost. If it is frosted during the growing season, if it is light, the yield will be reduced, and if it is heavy, the grain will not be harvested. Therefore, the winter corn must be selected in the frost-free area, and the elevation needs to be planted below 1200 meters and in the low-heat valley area. In 2009, I stood there. Over 500 mu of land are planted in Yuejin Bridge, Wutang, Xincun and other places, which is a considerable economic benefit in the production of Xiaochun. To grow good winter corn, the following technical measures must be taken care of:
First, choose a suitable planting area should be selected with winter warmth, year-round frost-free, good light conditions, low-altitude river valley areas. Soil selection is favorable to irrigation conditions of sand soil and loam soil. These soils have good fertility and strong water retention, which is conducive to the good growth of corn seedlings.
Second, species selection and appropriate sowing date are determined according to the growth and development of the selected winter corn and local climate characteristics.
1. Variety selection The high quality of winter corn must use the fine varieties with dense planting density to exert the high yield factor of the dense planting of winter corn. The planting is based on the premise that it does not affect the planting of spring planting, and the early, mid-maturing and stress-resisting conditions should be used as far as possible. High-quality corn varieties, such as Yunyou 196, Yunrui 8, Yunrui 9, No. 4 conferences, sweet soup series, Zhadan series, etc.
2. Grasp the seeding period Due to the low temperature in winter, winter sowing maize has a prolonged growth period of 20 to 30 days than that of summer sowing maize. In addition, to grasp the local occurrence and duration of low temperature, the maize pollination period must miss the local minimum temperature period. So as not to cause poor pollination and yield reduction. The varieties with longer growth periods were sown earlier, and those with shorter growth periods were delayed sowing, avoiding low temperatures and seizing high yields. At the same time, they had no effect on the summer sowing of crops. According to the meteorological data, the lowest temperature in the low-altitude valley of our county has been in the middle and middle of January. The monthly average temperature is 14°C and the extreme minimum temperature is about 5°C. In order to make winter corn less or not be affected by freezing, winter maize sowing should be considered comprehensively and it is generally selected from October to November. Corn seeds are sunned for 1 to 2 days before sowing to increase seed germination rate.
III. Soil preparation and sowing At present, most of the land for planting winter corn is rice fields. Regardless of the tightening of the season, we must adhere to intensive cultivation to improve the quality of sowing. The field must be deeply ploughed, so that the land is well soiled and the ditches and gutters are excavated to facilitate irrigation. Appropriately increase the seeding rate, shallow shallow cover soil, ensure that the seedlings are full, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang. Sowing Specifications: Adopt wide and narrow rows to regulate cultivation, corn width 80 cm, narrow row 33 cm, plant spacing 20 cm, draw lines to open sowing trenches according to sowing specifications, conduct direct seeding, put the fertilizer evenly into the sowing ditch, cover the fertilizer with fine soil , and then sowing according to sowing specifications, sowing 2 per pond, Dingmiao 1 required to ensure a reasonable density of about 5500 per mu. Last cover film. When the film is covered, the film must be tight, and the film must be compacted with soil around it, and no leakage can occur. This ensures that the seed will grow neatly and at the seedling stage.
Second, field management
1. Irrigation and promotion of seedlings: If the soil is too dry after sowing, the seedling water should be poured once to make it reach the seedlings. In the middle and later periods, irrigation should be performed according to the soil moisture content.
2, timely membrane ruptured seedlings: 5 to 7 days after sowing, began to check the emergence of seedlings, seedlings grow to 3 to 4 leaves when the film ruptured, the seedlings carefully passed out of the membrane, and with fine soil compaction of the base film of the seedlings, Put seedlings in a timely manner to avoid burning seedlings at high temperatures. ,
3, snoring in addition to phlegm: general winter maize seedlings about 20 days before delivery, if not removed in time, will compete with the main stem of the fight for water, consume nutrients, affecting the growth and development of the main stem. Therefore, it should be checked at any time and it is found that the tillers are removed in time to ensure the normal growth and development of corn.
4, top dressing: the first time dressing, 15 kg of urea per acre, top dressing time should be 5 days before and after the beginning of spring, combined with cultivator soil, weeding, irrigation. The second top-dressing was carried out during the big bell-mouth period, with 20 kg of urea per acre, combined with cultivator soil.
5. Pest control: pests mainly pay attention to the prevention and control of corn borer and aphid, and can choose to use wolfberry or anti-influence to prevent and treat; the disease mainly pays attention to rust and big spot, small spot, and rust uses 15% of triadimefon 50 grams to water 50 Kilograms, spray control; large and small spot use carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl for prevention.
Third, timely harvest to achieve nine yellow and ten receipts (fresh corn can be listed during the milk season)
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