Spring and early summer are the peak seasons for all kinds of livestock breeding. The knowledge of livestock fertilization and pregnancy is now described as follows:
1. Ovulation time after estrus. Oestrous ovulation usually occurs near the end of estrus. The cow's estrus period is 18 hours, ovulation time is 12-15 hours after estrus, sheep's estrus period is 24 hours, ovulation is about 20 hours after estrus, goat estrus is about 40 hours, and ovulation occurs after estrus. -35 hours; pig estrus lasts 40-60 hours, and ovulation occurs about 36 hours after estrus.
2. The operation of the egg. After the ovulation of the females, the eggs enter the fallopian tubes quickly, and most of them are fertilized in the fallopian tubes. The place of general fertilization is the enlarged part at the upper end of the fallopian tubes.
3. The time that the egg stays fertilized. In general, the location of fertilization is in the upper part of the fallopian tube. The time for the egg to pass through the entire fallopian tube is usually about 4 days for cattle; about 3 days for pigs and sheep. However, 1/3 of the time on the fallopian tube is shorter, with cattle and pigs being 6-12 hours; sheep 5-6 hours.
4. The operation of sperm. When males and females are mated, the semen of the sire is injected into the genital tract of the female, but the species of ejaculate is very different from that of the livestock. The semen of horses and donkeys is shot at the end of the vagina and enters the uterus through a relaxed cervical canal; cattle and sheep are shot at the cervix; pigs are directly injected into the uterus during the long mating process.
5. The time the sperm reaches the fertilization site. The time for the sperm to reach the female fallopian tube is very short. Cows are 4-6 hours; sheep is 20-60 minutes; pigs are 1.5-3 hours. Spermatozoa run faster in the reproductive tract of females that have just entered the reproductive phase, but it is slower in the reproductive tract of older females.
6. The time the sperm maintains fertilizing ability. Under normal circumstances, the sperm of various comrades remain fully active and fecundity in the female reproductive tract more than 24 hours. Usually the horse is 36 hours, cattle 30 hours, sheep 36 hours, and pig 30 hours.
7. Pregnancy. The gestation period of various livestock is: donkey 1 year; horse 11 months; cow 8 months 10 days; sheep 5 months; pig 3 months 3 weeks 3 days; donkey pregnant with short 10 days, Ma Huaiyu 10 day.
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